不同土壤、立地类型对土壤含水率和苹果果实生长的影响

The influence of different soil and site types on soil water content and fruit growth of apples

为弄清不同土壤、立地类型对土壤含水率和苹果果实生长的影响,以‘长富2’苹果为试材,选取了粘壤土平地、粘壤土梯田、壤土平地、壤土梯田、沙土平地、沙土梯田、上层壤土下层尾矿砂平地7种不同土壤、立地类型苹果园,研究其对土壤含水率及苹果果实生长的影响。结果表明:粘壤土类型土壤含水率最高,壤土类型、上层壤土下层尾矿砂类型次之,沙土类型最低;上层壤土下层尾矿砂平地果实纵径、横径及体积均为最大,分别为6.858cm、8.092cm、301.82cm3,粘壤土和壤土果实纵径、横径及体积次之,沙土果实纵径、横径及体积最小;粘壤土含水量与果实纵径、横径及体积多呈负相关关系,其中5月1日至5月15日粘壤土平地土壤含水率与果实纵径、横径及体积均呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.754、-0.827、-0.690;其他土壤、立地类型多呈正相关,其中5月16日至5月31日壤土梯田土壤含水率与果实纵径、横径及体积均呈显著或极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.685、0.610、0.723;6月1日至6月28日上层壤土下层尾矿砂平地土壤含水率与果实纵径、横径及体积均呈显著或极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.819、0.541、0.616。

To study the influence of different soil and site types on soil water content and fruit growth of apples, ＇Nagafu 2＇ apple trees grown in seven different soil and site types which were clay loam flat, clay loam terraces, loam flat, loam terraces, sandy flat, sand terraces, and upper loam with lower tailing sandy flat were used as materials to study their effects on soil water content and fruit growth. The results indicated that the soil water content in clay loam soil was the highest, after which were the loam type and the upper loam with lower tailing sand soil type, and the sandy soil type had the lowest water content. The fruits＇ vertical diameter, horizontal diameter and volume in upper loam with lower tailing sandy flat were the largest, which were 6. 858 cm, 8. 092 cm and 301.82 cm3 respectively, and the next were those in clay loam and loam soil types, while the smallest were those in the sandy soil type. Most correlation coefficients among soil water content and the fruits＇ vertical diameter, horizontal diameter and volume in clay loam soil types were negative, and the correlations were very significant negative during May 1 to May 15, the correlation coefficients of which were -0. 754, -0. 827 and -0. 690, respectively. Most correlation coefficients among soil water content and the fruits＇ vertical diameter, horizontal diameter and volume in other soil and site types were positive, and there had significant or very significant positive correlations in loam terraces during May 16 to May 31, the correlation coefficients of which were 0. 685, 0. 610, and 0. 723, respectively; there had significant or very significant positive correlations in upper loam with lower tailing sandy flat during June 1 to June 28, the correlation coefficients of which were 0. 819, 0. 541, and 0. 616, respectively.