满语中汉语借词的演变轨迹考察

Research on Trace of Development of Chinese Loanwords from Manchu

满族入关后,随着满族和汉族的全方位接触,满语中的汉语借词日益增多。为保持"国语骑射",清政府采取了规范满语中汉语借词的措施。从"清文鉴"系列辞书收录词语情况来看,清统治者对满语中的汉语借词采取沿用借词、翻译借词、改变借词形式、删除借词和继续借用汉语等措施。这也客观上反映了清代满语中汉语借词的演变轨迹。

There were more and more Chinese loanwords in Manchu under full contact of Chinese and Manchu language,after Manchu＇s entering the Shanghai Pass. In order to protect Manchu,riding and shooting,the Qing government tried to standardize Chinese loanwords in Manchu. From the vocabulary in Qing Wen Jian series dictionaries,the Qing government implemented ways of continuing to use,translating,changing forms,deleting,and adding loanwords. This could reflected trace of development of Chinese loanwords from Manchu in Qing dynasty objectively.