先秦两汉“道术”批评与学术跨界

Academic Criticism and Interdisciplinary Research in the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties from the Perspective of Dao and Art

"道"与"术"是贯穿先秦两汉学术批评的一组关键词。作为评骘术语、思维模型以及价值判断之载体,这一组合不仅显现为"道术"与"方术"、"天下无二道"与"异术"式的对举,还内化为先秦两汉学人对道术裂而方术兴的隐忧以及重返"古之道术"的企盼。先秦两汉"道术"批评根植于"古之道术"由"一"至"多"的趋势研判,衍生出诸子见识"明"与"暗"并存的深层省思,并最终凝练为后继学人力行"诊疗"的有益尝试。面对分科治学局限益显,而跨学科、学科交叉与学科互涉方兴未艾的时代语境,配备"道"与"术"这一组关键词叩门启钥,在重温轴心期思想精华的同时,亦将有助于寻获"前学科"时代学术批评与学术跨界的本土经验。

Dao and Art are the keywords of academic criticism in the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. As the carrier of criticism term, mental model and value judgment, the keywords show the juxtaposition of Dao and Art. They also reflect the scholars＇ worries on the disintegration of Dao, and expectations on the rejuvenation of ancient Dao. The logic of the academic criticism in the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties is developed along the struggle between unity and independence, which reveals the coexistence of advantages and disadvantages. From the perspective of Dao and Art, a beneficial attempt to overcome the drawbacks and return from independence to unity can be discovered. This paper reviews classic works from Pre-Qin to the Han Dynasties, striving to support the traditional Chinese experience to contemporary academic criticism and interdisciplinary research.