《1956-1967年全国农业发展纲要》与民国乡村建设的比较研究

Comparative study of Outline of National Agricultural Development during 1956-1967 and the rural construction during Republic of China

毛泽东主持制定的《全国农业发展纲要》,是在批判继承民国乡村建设运动的基础上,探索解决中国农业和农村问题的重要方案。对于改造"愚贫弱私"的旧中国农村,毛泽东与乡建派的具体措施相近但又有所超越,《纲要》赋予了农村合作社以属地管理和建设职能,这是一种探索性的组织制度创新。此外,作为具有战略眼光的政治家,毛泽东致力于全面治理中国农村的经济、政治、文化、社会等问题,乃至农村和国家的整体外部环境,而不仅仅是单纯的复苏农业经济或兴办教育。

The Outline of National Agricultural Development during1956-1967 is drafted by Mao Zedong,which is on the base of the critical inheritance on the Rural Construction Movement in Republic of China.It is an important explorative solution to China’s agriculture and rural issues.To transform the rural areas of old China which were ＂poor,weak,private,and stupid＂,the concrete measures of Mao Zedong and elites of the Rural Construction Movement are close but creative.The Outline gives rural cooperatives the foundation of local management and construction,which is an explorative innovation of the organization.In addition,as a stateman with strategic vision,Mao Zedong committed to comprehensive governance of China’s rural issues,which include economy,politics,culture,society issues,and even the overall external environment of rural areas and the whole country,rather than purely economic recovery of agriculture or developing education.