朝闻夕可,不愧龙场--马廷锡的学术经历与思想旨趣

Ma Tingxi's Academic Career and Thinking

马廷锡,学者称心庵,与孙应鳌、李渭并称黔中王门后学'理学三先生'。心庵为学自始追随阳明心性之学,尤以静坐为其功夫,其历学有三:一曰'师事朗州蒋信,讲学于桃冈精舍数年';二曰'与清平孙应鳌等为性命交';三曰'于渔矶构栖云亭,静坐其中三十余年,有悠然自得之趣'。然渔矶期间,心庵又以三事为其业志:一是教人功夫以静坐澄心而体认天理;二是讲学不辍而有'悠然自得之趣';三是著《渔矶集》《警愚录》,读之使人卓然有'朝闻夕可'之意,以至于可以'不愧龙场'。

Ma Tingxi is regarded as one of the three renowned Neo-Confucian disciples of Wang Yangming in Guizhou. A lifelong devotee to Wang's philosophy of xin-xing(the mind and human nature), Ma Tingxi was well known for his 'sitting meditation' method. His academic career consisted of three important periods. In his early years, he studied under Jiang Xin and lectured at Taogang Academy. The second period of his career was marked by his sworn friendship with Sun Ying'ao. The third period was his productive time at Yuji of Guiyang, where he spent over thirty years in the Qiyun Pavilion concentrating on his 'sitting meditation' and gained his most profound insights about the natural spontaneity of the mind. In the decades of Yuji, he taught his disciples to develop an understanding of the principles of Heaven by sitting in tranquility and clearing their minds; he acquired a natural spontaneity in his ceaseless efforts toward studying and teaching; and he wrote his renowned works, Yuji ji and Jingyu lu, which won himself fame as one of the most worthy scholars following Wang Yangming's philosophy of the mind in southwest China.