减磷配施有机肥对紫色土旱坡地磷素流失的消减效应

Reduction Effect of Reduced Phosphorus Fertilizer and Combining Organic Fertilizers on Phosphorus Loss of Purple Soil Sloping Field

采用野外径流小区对紫色土旱坡地2014年雨季(5~8月)3次典型降雨产流进行定点监测,研究了优化施肥(P)、优化施肥+猪粪有机肥(MP)、优化施肥+秸秆还田(SP)、优化施肥量氮磷钾均减20%+猪粪有机肥(MDP)、优化施肥量氮磷钾均减20%+秸秆还田(SDP)、不施磷肥(P0)等不同方案对紫色土旱坡地地表径流和壤中流磷素流失的影响.结果表明,壤中流是雨季径流主要输出途径,而次降雨地表径流总磷(TP)平均含量和流失负荷都远高于壤中流;地表径流磷素流失是紫色土旱坡地雨季磷素流失主要方式.发现减磷配施有机肥对紫色土旱坡地坡面径流中磷素流失有显著消减效应,SDP、MDP分别比优化施肥P的总磷含量降低57%和48%,配施秸秆效果好于配施猪粪有机肥.次降雨磷素平均流失负荷为0.01~0.26kg·hm^(-2),磷素平均流失负荷表现为P>MP>SP>MDP>SDP>P0.减磷配施猪粪和秸秆有机肥对土壤磷素地表径流损失具有显著消减效应,但增加壤中流磷素淋失风险.

In order to better understand the effect of reduced phosphorus fertilizer and combining organic fertilizers on phosphorus loss of purple soil sloping field,three rainfall-runoff events were monitored using field runoff observation method in the purple soil sloping field in 2014. There were six treatments in this research,including optimized fertilization（ P）,optimized fertilization ＋ pig manure application（ MP）,optimized fertilization ＋ straw return（ SP）,optimized fertilization which was reduced by 20% ＋ pig manure application（ MDP）,optimized fertilization which was reduced by 20% ＋ straw return（ SDP）,without phosphate（ P0）. The results indicated that the interflow was the main pathway of runoff for purple soil sloping field. The average contents of total phosphorus（ TP）and the phosphorus loss load of overland flow were all much higher than those of the interflow. The overland flow was the main pathway of the phosphorus loss load for purple soil sloping field. Reduced phosphorus fertilizer and combining organic fertilizers had a significant reduction effect on phosphorus loss of purple soil sloping field. Compared with the treatment P,the average content of total phosphorus on SDP was reduced by 57% and that on MDP was reduced by 48% in the storm rainfall. Combining straw was better than pig manure.The average contents of the phosphorus loss load of typical rainfall changed between 0. 01 and 0. 26 kg·hm^（-2）. In different fertilization treatments,the average contents of the phosphorus loss load followed the order of P〉MP〉SP〉MDP〉SDP〉P0. Reduced phosphorus fertilizer and combining organic fertilizers had a significant reduction effect on phosphorus loss of overland flow,but increased soil phosphorus leaching for purple soil sloping field.