北极生活污水低温降解菌筛选与多样性分析

Screening and Phylogenetic Analysis of Sewage-degrading Microorganism in Arctic Marine Sediments

利用筛选培养基从北极海洋沉积物中筛选可用于生活污水低温处理的微生物,并进行了分子鉴定和模拟生活污水降解效率的测定。结果表明,经筛选培养基富集培养和分离纯化,根据菌落形态学特征,从11个北极海洋沉积物中共分离到37株微生物,均可在以葡萄糖为惟一碳源和能源的筛选培养基中生长。分子鉴定与系统发育分析表明,37株菌分属于细菌域的不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）、嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）和红球菌属（Rhodococcus）,酵母的Mastigobasidium属和白冬孢酵母属（Leucosporidium）,真菌的隐球菌属（Cryptococcus）和念珠菌属（Candida）。4株不同种属的试验细菌均能够利用各种有机物,如葡萄糖、甘露醇、甘露糖、苹果酸、苯乙酸和枸橼等。对模拟生活污水降解效果的初步试验表明,菌株5-3、9-2和11-3的处理效果较好,3株菌株10℃单独培养72 h,COD降解率均可达75%以上;菌株9-2在温度0-30℃的温度范围内均可生长,10℃条件下培养48 h对模拟生活污水COD降解率可达88.1%。研究结果表明北极存在着丰富的可用于生活污水低温处理的微生物资源种质资源。

Microorganisms used in the treatment of sewage at low temperature were isolated from Arctic marine sediments by enriching and screening medium. Molecular identification and the degrading efficiency of organic pollutants of these microorganisms were also carried out. According to the distinct colonial morphology,thirty-seven strains were isolated from11 samples by enriching and screening. These strains were able to grow using glucose as sole carbon and energy source.Molecular identification and phylogentic analysis indicated that these strains were members of bacteria,yeast and fungus,the isolates belonging to the bacteria included Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Psychrobacter and Rhodococcus; the isolates belonging to yeast and fungi were members of Mastigobasidium and Leucosporidium, Cryptococcus and Candida,respectively. The traditional identification results of different bacteria species implied that these species can utilize various several carbon sources,such as glucose,mannitol,mannose,malic acid,phenylacetic acid and citron. COD removal rate of the Strain 5-3,9-2 and 11-3 was up to 75% after 72 h incubation at 10 ℃. Strain 9-2 adapted wide ecological amplitude of temperature 0 ~30 ℃. The biodegrading efficiency of COD of the Strain 9-2 was up to 88.1% after 48 h incubation at 10 ℃. These results implied there were abundant genetic resources which can be used in the treatment of sewage at low temperature.