城市与农村小儿反复呼吸道感染的影响因素分析

Study on risk factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection in urban and rural children

目的:探讨城市与农村小儿反复呼吸道感染(Recurrent respiratory tract infection,RRTI)的发病率及其影响因素。方法:收集2010年7月至2013年1月连续1年或1年以上进行儿童保健,年龄3岁以下的356名小儿作为研究对象,采用家长问卷及儿童保健记录资料进行反复呼吸道感染发生情况的调查,包括生产方式、喂养方式、主要看护人不是父母等7项调查;并同时检测血清铁、锌、钙、铅浓度。结果:农村RRTI检出率8.0%,城市RRTI检出率14.9%,两者有显著差别。城市RRTI的发生与剖宫产、非母乳喂养、户外活动时间短、宠物密切接触等密切相关,血铅含量偏高是危险因素。农村RRTI的发生与辅食添加不合理、主要看护人不是父母密切相关,微量元素缺乏是危险因素。结论:城市的RRTI检出率高于农村,并且城市和农村发生RRTI的危险因素不同,提示我们预防保健的措施不同。

Objective： To investigate the risk factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection（ RRTI ）morbidity and risk factors on urban and rural children. Methods： To investigate repeatedly 356 children below 3 years old who have had a constant health care within or above one year from July 2010 to Jan 2013 with questionnaire to their parents and their health care records on their incidence of RRTI, including 7 ways of investigation like the way of child birth, feeding, parenting etc. , and a detection on levels of iron, zinc, calcium and lead in blood as well. Results： There＇s a significant difference between urban and rural children with a rate of incidence on RRTI 14. 9% and 8. 0% separately. It is presented as a risk in Caesarean birth, non- breastfeeding, lack of outdoor activities, close contact with pets for urban children to infect it, their higher level of lead in blood as a reminder. However, the infections on rural children are mainly related to irrational complementary food and non-parent guardians with lack of trace elements as a risk reminder. Conclusion： The RRTI incidence rate is higher in urban children than that in rural, and the infection factors are also quite different. Therefore, different preventive care measures should be taken to them.