胎膜早破对胎龄<37周早产儿并发症的影响

Impact of premature rupture of membranes on neonatal complications in preterm infants with gestational age <37 weeks

目的探讨胎膜早破（premature rupture of the membrane,PROM）对早产儿并发症的影响。方法收取课题组各协作单位产科登记信息在2014年1月1日~2014年12月31日出生的胎龄〈37周的早产儿共7684例。各协作单位派专人培训后填写统一的表格,记录相关信息,包括患儿性别、胎龄、出生体质量、有无PROM、胎盘早剥、产前激素使用、Apgar评分、羊水污染、并发症等。按有无PROM分为PROM组与对照组,统一对其临床资料进行分析。结果（1）PROM组病死率小于对照组,颅内出血、坏死性小肠结肠炎、早产儿视网膜病、支气管肺发育不良发生率均高于对照组,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;OR值95%CI分析：病死率〈1;颅内出血、坏死性小肠结肠炎、早产儿视网膜病、支气管肺发育不良并发症〉1。（2）调整胎龄、出生体质量、性别、分娩方式、胎盘早剥、前置胎盘、产前激素、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压病和5 min Apgar评分〈7分等因素后,坏死性小肠结肠炎、早产儿视网膜病、支气管肺发育不良的发生率两组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且OR 95%CI〉1,但病死率和ICH比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 PROM是早产儿并发症坏死性小肠结肠炎、早产儿视网膜病、支气管肺发育不良发生的危险因素,规范处理PROM可减少早产儿并发症NEC、早产儿视网膜病、支气管肺发育不良的发生。

Objective To investigate the effect of premature rupture of the membrane （PROM） on neonatal complications in premature infants. Methods The registration information of 7684 preterm infants with gestational age ＆lt;37 weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group between January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Specially trained personnel from each cooperative units filled in the unified form in a standardized format to record the gender, gestational age, birth weight, PROM, placental abruption, antenatal corticosteroid, Apgar score, amniotic fluid pollution, and complications of the infants. The data were analyzed comparatively between the cases with PROM and those without （control）. Results The preterm mortality rate was significantly lower but the incidences of ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly higher in PROM group than in the control group （P＆lt;0.05）. The 95%confidence interval of the OR value was＆lt;1 for mortality, and was＆gt;1 for ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD. After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, gender, mode of delivery, placental abruption, placenta previa, prenatal hormones, gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）, gestational period hypertension and 5-min Apgar score ＆lt;7, the incidences of NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly different between the two groups （P＆lt;0.05） with 95%confidence interval of OR value ＆gt;1, but the mortality rate and incidence of ICH were not significantly different between the two groups （P＆gt;0.05）. Conclusion PROM is a risk factor for NEC, ROP and BPD in preterm infants, and adequate intervention of PROM can reduce the incidences of such complications as NEC, ROP and BPD in the infants.