中小学班级环境的现状及改善策略--基于北京市海淀区中小学的调查

Class Environment in Elementary and Secondary Schools and Its Improving Strategies——An Investigation Based on Elementary and Secondary Schools in Haidian District of Beijing City

借助自编班级环境问卷,以北京市海淀区70所学校的11 323名中小学生为研究对象,调查中小学班级社会心理环境现状,并分析班级环境类型对学生个体心理环境的影响。结果表明,多数中小学班级环境现状良好,但存在一定的问题型班级;在性别差异上,女生知觉到的班级心理环境显著好于男生;在学段差异上,班级心理环境随着学习阶段的升高而变差;在区位差异上,山前地区(城市)学校的班级心理环境显著好于山后地区(传统农村地区与城乡结合部)的学校。不同类型班级环境中学生的个体心理状态存在显著差异:良好的班级环境有助于提升学生的学习兴趣、学习态度、学习动机以及自我效能感;良好的班级环境也有助于学生保持积极的心境状态。基于中小学班级环境的特点及其对学生的重要影响,学校应建构综合性班级评价体系、关注中学班级的人际环境建设、全方位促进教育资源均衡以改善班级环境。

Using self-designed questionnaire on class environment, taking 11 323 students from over 70 schools inHaidian District as research objects, the characteristics of class environment in elementary and secondary schools are explored, and the effects of class environment on students＇ psychological environment are examined. Results indicate that class environment in most of the elementary and secondary schools is good in general, but there are some problematic classes ; the psychological environment perceived by girl students is better than that of boy students ; class environment in secondary schools is worse than that in elementary schools; class environment in economically developed areas is better than that in poorer areas. There is significant effect of class environment type on students＇ psychological environment. Better class environment will contribute to improving students＇ learning interests, learning attitudes, motivation and self-efficacy; better class environment will also help students keep better mood in class. Based on the characteristics of class environment and its significant effects on students, schools should adopt strategies such as constructing comprehensive class environment evaluation system, promoting healthy interpersonal relations among secondary school students to improve class environment.