佛经中有关乳制品的词语考探

Discuss the Words that Relate to the Dairy Products in Buddhist Scrpture

佛经中记载的酮用马奶制成,义同乳。酪是结成凝乳的牛奶、羊奶,或者是发酵过但还没有结成凝乳的马乳酒。酥是酪的表皮部分,又写作“苏”。醍醐是由牛乳精制而成的酥酪,又写作(食氐)(食胡)、(食弟)(食胡)、(酉帝)醐、(酉氐)酮等。醍醐和奶酒以及烧酒在制作方法上有相似之处,皆经过提炼取其精华而成,故表酪中精纯之义的(食氐)(食胡)、(酉氐)(食胡)等记音词由此意义上的关联,又可写作表示红色清酒的“醍”及因“醍”的酉旁而类推“醐”。蒙古语指烧酒的阿刺吉一词与指结成凝乳的奶酪无关,但其与指马乳酒的酪在制作方法上相似,二者在语源上或有一定的关联,也可能阿刺吉源自指马乳酒的酪。

There are some words that relate the dairy products in Buddhist Scripture. This paper discuss the etymon of the mare' s milk, jellied milk, junket, cheese, butter, butterfat, cream, sour milk, finest cream and so on. There are some relation between these dairy products and the alcoholic drink in etymology.