新生代农民工就业权益保障的现实效度分析——基于8个城市农民工群体的实证调查

Validity Analysis of New Migrant Workers' Employment Rights:A Survey of New Migrant Workers in 8 Cities

新生代农民工是指出生于20世纪80年代以后、具有农村户籍的外来务工人员。由于社会经济特征和个人特征的不同,这类群体同比原生代农民工在思想观念和行为习惯上具有较大差异,并被学术界广泛认同。我们将新生代农民工的就业权益保障状况作为分析要点,通过对8个城市1803名农民工的详细分析发现:(1)新生代农民工同比原生代农民工在纵向提升维度和横向排斥维度方面均具有更为优势的就业保障能力;(2)新生代农民工的就业保障优势在各个区域的调查中均有普遍的呈现;(3)就业保障能力的提高源于新生代农民工对人力资本因素的坚持和对社会资本因素的重视。我国政府应当进一步提升新生代农民工的就业保障能力,减少其排斥水平,并在注重人力资本培训的同时更加积极地引导其社会资本的培育。

New migrant workers normally refer to peasant workers who were born after the 1980s. Because of the differences in their financial and individual features, this group of people are different in their thoughts and behaviours from their predecessors, a fact that is widely acknowledged by scholars. This paper mainly studies the conditions of new migrant workers＇ employment rights and intends to show the following three findings after a detailed study of 1803 migrant workers in 8 cities： 1） New migrant workers enjoy more advantageous employment rights in comparison with their predecessors in terms of their ability to get promoted vertically and the decreased chances for them to suffer from horizontal social exclusion; 2） The advantages of new migrant workers＇ employment rights are widely reflected in the survey of all the regions included in this study; 3） The improvement of new migrant workers＇ employment rights results from new migrant workers＇ insistence on human capital factors and their emphasis on social capital factors. Our government should further promote new migrant workers＇ employment rights, reduce their sense of being excluded from city life, and pay more attention to the cultivation of social capital along with the growth of human capital.