基于离子稳态的野生与栽培番茄及其杂交F1的耐盐性差异

A Comparative Study on Salt Tolerance of Wild,Cultivated and their Hybrid F_1 Tomato Seedlings Based on the Ion Homeostasis

以野生番茄-醋栗番茄D4-101(Solanum pimpinellifolium)(WT)、自交系番茄栽培种7818D(S.esculentum)(CT)及二者杂交产生的F1代品系为材料,探讨50、100及200 mmol L-1Na Cl胁迫处理对番茄生物量和离子吸收分配的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫下,植株干重的降幅由大到小依次是:CT>WT>F1。随着盐胁迫程度加大,三个品种(系)Na+含量均增高,而K+含量显著降低。盐胁迫处理下三个品种(系)的K+/Na+比均显著降低,而品种间降幅差异不大。盐胁迫强度的增加显著提高三个品种(系)根的K+、Na+的选择性比率(SK,Na),其增幅由大到小依次是:WT>F1>CT。在茎部,盐胁迫则显著降低了三个品种(系)的SK,Na,但是盐处理之间WT茎的变化甚小,而随着盐分强度的上升,CT茎SK,Na的降幅显著高于F1的。盐胁迫下三个品种(系)叶片的SK,Na均增加,但是随着盐度的增加,WT叶的SK,Na逐渐下降,而CT和F1的SK,Na逐渐上升,且F1的SK,Na上升显著高于CT的。综上所述,F1植株在维持离子稳态方面接近于野生亲本,尤其是叶片,导致F1不仅长势好,而且还具有较亲本更好的耐盐性。

An experiment was conducted to study effects of salinity,varying in level,50,100 or 200 mmol L-1 Na Cl,on plant growth,ion absorption and distribution of wild tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium（WT）,cultivated tomato（S. esculentum）（CT）and their hybrid F1 generation. Results showed that dry weight（DW）of the three tomato varieties decreased significantly under salt stress,either 50,100 or 200 mmol L-1Na Cl,displaying a descending order of CT〉WT 〉F1. With rising salt stress,Na＋ content increased,while K＋ content decreased significantly in all the tomato plants. Besides,under salt stress,K＋/Na＋ decreased significantly in all the tomato plants and the decreases in the plants,regardless of variety,were similar in extent. With rising salt stress,the roots of the plants of either variety enhanced their K＋ or Na＋ selectivity ratio（SK,Na）,but the enhancement varied slightly in extent with variety,showing an order of WT〉 F1〉CT. However,salt stress decreased stem SK,Na in all the tomato plants by a similar degree. But with rising salt stress,the drop in CT was much bigger than that in F1. Salt stress increased leaf SK,Na of all the tomato plants,but with rising salt stress,leaf SK,Na declined in WT,while it kept increasing gradually in CT and F1 and the rise in F1 was more significant than that in CT. To sum up,the F1 generation is similar to its wild parents in maintaining ion balance,especially in their leaves,which makes F1 generation better in growth and higher in salt tolerance than its parents.