南京地区不同学生人群呼吸暴露参数调查研究

Survey on inhalation exposure factors of different groups of students in Nanjing

目的探讨小学生、中学生及大学生人群的呼吸暴露参数。方法于2012年4月对南京市小、中、大学生人群共874人进行时间-活动模式的问卷调查,采用呼吸速率的能量估算法,得到3种学生人群的呼吸速率参数,并进行比较分析。结果中学生、大学生学习日的室内活动时间长于休息日,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而小学生的学习日和休息日室内活动时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中学生日均室内活动时间长于大学生、小学生,中学男生日均室内活动时间长于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而大学生、小学生的不同性别室内活动时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除了大学女生比中学女生低外,其他学生人群在同一活动强度下的短期暴露呼吸速率均随着年龄的升高而增加;随着年龄的增加,不同性别间呼吸速率差异增大,男生高于同龄女生。用于重体力活动、极重体力活动的时间随着年龄的升高而减少;除了大学女生低于中学外,其余人群长期暴露呼吸速率基本随年龄的升高而增加;男生的长期暴露呼吸速率均高于同龄女生,且差距随年龄升高而逐渐加大。结论本次调查结果与全国调查数据和美国公布参数有一定差异,可为该区域学生环境健康风险评估提供更加准确的参考数据。

Objective To explore inhalation exposure factors of students in accurately estimating human exposure dose to pollutants, a questionnaire investigation was conducted. Methods Primary school children, middle school students and undergraduates from Nanjing were chosen as the objects of the study. A total of 874 students were participated in the survey to study time-activity patterns. Results Undergraduates and middle school students had evidently more indoor activity on weekdays than weekends（P〈0.05）, as for primary school children, there was no significant difference（P〈0.05）. In terms of age,middle school students spent remarkably more time on indoor activity than undergraduates and schoolchildren. Middle school boys had obviously more indoor activities than middle school girls（P〈0.05）, while the gender differences in undergraduates and school children were both not significant（P〉0.05）. As concerns short-term inhalation rates in the same intensity of the activities,they increased with age on the whole, except that females from undergraduates were lower than those from secondary schools.And males were higher in short-term inhalation rates than females, strengthening with age. Time spending on heavy physical activities and extremely heavy physical activities decreased with age. Long-term inhalation rates mainly increased with age.Like short-term inhalation rates in middle school students and undergraduates, males were higher in long-term inhalation rates than females, strengthening with age. Conclusion It is indicated that the results of the present study are of some differences with the previous inhalation exposure factors recommended by China National Bureau of Statistics and USEPA, which can provide more accurate referenced data for environmental health risk assessment of students in the area.