2003—2014年贵阳市环境空气质量变化趋势分析

Ambient air quality trends in Guiyang during 2003-2014

目的分析贵阳市2003—2014年环境空气质量的状况及变化趋势。方法收集贵阳市2003—2014年主要环境空气污染物(PM_(10)、SO_2和NO_2)的年均浓度监测数据,分析其变化特征。结果 2003—2014年大气PM10每年年均浓度均超标,SO_2部分年份超标,NO_2均达标。大气PM_(10)和SO_2年均浓度呈下降趋势,NO_2呈上升趋势;空气污染物的12年平均污染负荷系数依次为PM_(10)>SO_2>NO_2,其中PM_(10)污染负荷系数呈上升趋势(r_s=0.526,P<0.05),SO_2污染负荷系数呈下降趋势(r_s=-0.958,P<0.01),NO_2污染负荷系数呈上升趋势(r_s=0.965,P<0.01)。2013—2014年冬季大气PM_(10)浓度高于夏季(P<0.05),冬季大气SO_2浓度高于春、夏、秋季(P<0.01)。结论近12年来贵阳市空气质量有明显改善,但污染情况仍需重视,尤其是冬季。

Objective To investigate the ambient air quality status and trends in the urban area of Guiyang from 2003 to 2014.Methods The environmental monitoring data of main air pollutants（PM10, SO_2 and NO_2） in Guiyang during 2003-2014 were collected, the interannual and seasonal variations were analyzed. Results The annual average concentration of PM10 exceeded the Ambient Air Quality Standards（GB 3095-2012） annually, the concentration of SO_2 also exceeded GB 3095-2012 in some years. But the concentrations of NO_2 were all qualified. The annual average concentrations of PM10 and SO_2 were declined significantly during 2003-2014. The annual average concentrations of NO_2 was increased significantly during 2003-2014. The main air pollutant of Guiyang was PM10, while the pollution load factors of SO_2 and NO_2 were increased significantly during2003-2014. Conclusion The air quality has been improved in Guiyang during 2003-2014, and the pollution level in winter is higher than other seasons, which should be improved.