我国海水淡化水卫生学管理现状

Current situation of hygienic management of seawater desalination in China

目的了解我国目前海水淡化饮用水使用和管理现状,分析存在的问题,提出海水淡化饮用水卫生监督和管理建议。方法采用现场调研和专家咨询相结合的方法,以浙江、青岛和天津三省市为重点调研地区,辅以文献资料进行综合描述。结果 "十二五"期间,我国海水淡化产业发展迅速。截止2014年底,全国海水淡化工程已建成112个,主要分布在渤海、黄海、东海、南海海域的9个省市。浙江、青岛、天津等地淡化水民用化发展较快,已尝试采用掺混或直接供水等方式进入市政供水管网,供居民使用,对于缓解当地饮用水供水压力、保障工农业生产起到了重要作用。但海水淡化水长期直接饮用时的卫生安全性尚不明确、公众认知和接受程度较低、相关卫生标准缺乏、卫生学管理无统一规范等问题。结论亟待加强海水淡化水卫生学管理相关研究,提出统一管理要求,制定评价标准,实现管理规范化。

Objective To understand the current situation of the use and management of seawater desalination in China, to analyze the existing problems and to put forward suggestions for the health supervision and management of drinking water from seawater desalination. Methods Based on the methods of field investigation and experts interview, Zhejiang, Qingdao and Tianjin were taken as the key research areas and literature data was analyzed. Results During the period of the 12 th Five-Year Plan, seawater desalination industry developed rapidly in China. In the end of 2014, 112 national desalination projects had been completed, mainly distributed in the Yellow Sea, Bohai, the East China Sea and the South China Sea area of nine provinces and cities. The civil use desalination water in Zhejiang, Qingdao and Tianjin had developed quickly. It was a valuable practice of blending desalinated water with source water or directly piping desalinated water into municipal water supply network, and it was critical to alleviate the pressure of local drinking water supply and to guarantee the industrial and agricultural production. But there were still some problems, such as the undefined drinking water hygiene and safety, the lower level of public perception, the shortage of standards related to health and hygiene, and a lack of consolidated hygiene management. Conclusion It is urgent to strengthen the related research of desalination water hygiene management, to propose a unified management, to draw up evaluation criteria, eventually, to realize standardized management.