2008—2014年我国健康成人甲状腺结节流行特征及影响因素初步分析

An initial analysis on thyroid nodules prevalence and influencing factors of Chinese healthy adults in 2008-2014

目的分析我国居民甲状腺结节流行病学特征,探讨甲状腺结节的影响因素。方法检索中国期刊全文数据库,收集2010年1月1日至2016年1月1日发表的关于体检人群甲状腺结节的文献,运用meta分析的方法综合估算我国居民的甲状腺结节检出率及其95%可信区间（CI）;并运用卡方检验及趋势分析对甲状腺结节检出率的地区、性别、年龄、职业、时间分布特征进行分析。结果经meta分析,我国居民甲状腺结节的平均患病率为32.4%（95%CI：30.1%～34.8%）,2008—2014年甲状腺结节检出率呈增长趋势（Z=-13.306,P〈0.001）;脑力劳动者甲状腺结节检出率高于体力劳动者（P=0.02）,甲状腺结节检出率存在性别差异,女性大于男性,且随年龄增加而升高（Z=-97.429 1,P〈0.001）,但未见地区差异（P〉0.05）。结论我国居民甲状腺结节患病率近5年呈增高趋势,可能与环境（职业）因素有关。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules in China and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Studies about the thyroid nodules in population of health checkup published during 2010-2016 were searched by CNKI. Pooled data were summarized by using meta analysis to estimate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Chinese and its 95% confidence interval（CI）; And by using the chi square test and Cochran-Armitage Trend Test,the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules in different regions, different time, different gender,different ages and different occupations population were illustrated. Results The average prevalence rate in Chinese adults of thyroid nodules was32.4%（95% CI： 30.1%-34.8%）, the detection rate of thyroid nodules in 2008-2014 showed a growth trend（ Z =-13.306,P〈 0.001）; There were statistical difference in different gender,it was showed that female presented higher detection rate of thyroid nodules compared with that of male,the detection rate of thyroid nodules increased with the increase of age during2008-2014（Z=-97.429 1, P〈0.001）, and showed higher level in mental workers compared with that in manual workers（P=0.02）,but no significant differences was observed in region（P〉0.05）. Conclusion In recent five years the prevalence rate of thyroid nodules in China has increased, which may be affacted by environmental（occupational） factors.