绝对定量的多聚酶链式反应技术的发展现状及其生物医学应用

Advances in absolute quantitative PCR and biomedical applications

自1985年Mullis发明了体外多聚酶链反应(PCR)至今,PCR已经发展到第三代技术,即绝对定量的数字化PCR.PCR技术自问世以来,在遗传病、病原体、癌基因等分子诊断领域和法医鉴定等方面发挥了巨大作用.本文简要介绍了PCR技术的发展历程,综述和讨论了绝对定量的数字化PCR的技术路线和应用进展,总结提出了其进一步发展面临的问题,并展望了数字PCR技术在生物医学方面的发展前景.

Since 1985, Mullis invented the in vitro polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, PCR has been developed to the third generation, which is the absolute quantitative digital PCR. In the past three decades, PCR has played a significant role in molecular diagnosis aiming at genetic disease, pathogen, oncogenes and forensic identification. In this review, we first briefly introduce the development of PCR and then review and discuss the technical route and applications of absolute quantitative digital PCR. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in biomedicine are summarized.