享乐主义与伦理危机:爱德华·阿尔比的《欲望花园》

Hedonism and Ethical Crisis: A Study on Edward Albee's Everything in the Garden

《欲望花园》是一部描写享乐主义的伦理悲剧,剧中的男女主人公因为追寻物质欲望的满足而逐渐丧失了自己的理性,并最终在兽性因子的控制下实施谋杀他人的伦理犯罪。通过故事讲述,作家刻意渲染一个幸福的家庭是如何在物质欲望的支配下一步一步走向毁灭的,最终代表非理性意志的"享乐道德观"战胜了代表理性意志的"行善道德观"。论文援引文学伦理学批评为研究方法,逐一分析作品中戏剧人物理性丧失、道德堕落、伦理缺位等伦理问题,以此窥视作家的伦理图景:通过书写戏剧人物的极端的"享乐道德观"及其所带来的严重后果,以此寄寓人们对于"行善道德观"的向往与追求。

Edward Albee＇s Everything in the Garden is an ethical tragedy caused by hedonism. Both the hero and heroine lost their rationality for the sake of pursuing the satisfaction of desire,who finally committed the fearful ethical crime,murder,under the control of animal factor. Through the play,the playwright deliberately emphasizes the process of how a happy family moves towards abyss step by step due to the domination of material desire. The destruction of the family means that the ＂fun morality＂,which represents the irrational will,finally defeats the＂goodness morality＂,which represents the rational will. This paper uses ethical literary criticism as the study method,through analyzing the ethical issues in the play,such as characters＇ rational loss,moral turpitude,and lack of ethics,intending to seek the ethical prospect of Albee： by writing characters＇ pursuit of extreme ＂fun morality＂and the serious result brought by it,Albee attempts to arouse people＇s yearning for＂goodness morality＂.