生态政策驱动下的内蒙古自治区杭锦旗土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化

The Influence of Ecological Policies on Changes of Land Use and Ecosystem Service Value in Hangjinqi,Inner Mongolia,China

基于1989、2001、2013年的遥感影像解译数据,采用生态系统服务价值评估方法,对生态政策实施前(1989—2001年)及实施后(2001—2013年)的内蒙古自治区杭锦旗土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化进行了对比分析。结果表明:生态政策实施后杭锦旗林地面积变化量为12.84×10~4 hm^2,高于实施前的0.24×10~4 hm^2;沙地面积变化量为-7.20×10~4 hm^2,高于实施前的-0.27×10~4 hm^2。生态政策实施后土壤形成与保护功能的生态系统服务价值增加4.22亿元,高于实施前的0.20亿元;水源涵养功能的生态系统服务价值增加3.43亿元,高于实施前的2.19亿元;总生态系统服务价值增加23.82亿元,高于实施前的5.61亿元。通过实施生态政策,杭锦旗土地利用结构得以优化,生态系统服务价值得以提高,水土保持能力得以增强。但水域退化、耕地转换合理度较低等问题仍有待解决,论文对此也提出了相应的对策建议。

A series of ecological construction policies were carried out in Hangjinqi,Inner Mongolia after2001.Based on ecosystem service value assessment method,combined with land use data in 1989,2001 and2013,land use and ecosystem service value changes before implementing ecological policies（1989-2001）and after implementing ecological policies（2001-2013）were analyzed and compared.The results showed that compared with before implementing ecological policies,land use changed to a larger extent after implementing ecological policies：the area of woodland increased by 128.40×10~3 hm2,while the figure was just 2.40×10~3 hm2 before implementing ecological policies,and the area of desert decreased by 72.00×10~3 hm^2,while the figure was just 2.70×10~3 hm^2 before implementing ecological policies.Besides,through implementing ecological policies the rationality of land use changes improved from60.12% to 72.03%.Along with land use change,the ecosystem service value of soil formation and protection and water conservation increased by 0.42×10~9 RMB and 0.34×10~9 RMB respectively,while the figures were just 0.02×10~9 RMB and 0.22×10~9 RMB before implementing ecological policies.The total ecosystem service value increased vigorously by 2.38×10~9 RMB,which was bigger than the figure of before implementing ecological policies（0.56×10~9 RMB）.Above all,implementing ecological policies could optimize land use structure,improve ecosystem service value by increasing the area of vegetation cover while decreasing the area of desert and enhance soil and water conservation capacity.Meanwhile,the study gives some suggestions to deal with the degradation of water and the irrationality of farmland changes after implementing ecological policies.