基于家庭结构和功能视角的农村留守家庭健康状况分析

Analysis of Health of Left-Behind Families in Rural China on the Perspective of Family Structure and Function

目的：探讨留守家庭在面临核心角色外出务工,家庭结构缺损状态下,家庭功能和家庭健康之间的关系。方法：以304户留守家庭、814名留守人员的现场调查资料为主要数据来源,进行统计学分析。结果：不同家庭结构留守人员的年内住院情况存在显著性差异（χ~2=9.86,P=0.007）,患慢性病情况存在差异（χ~2=37.29,P=0.000）。留守家庭的年内住院率、慢性病患病率等均高于全国平均水平;健康问题的社会支持网络受限。经统计学检验,不同留守家庭结构类型的情感沟通功能（F=3.804,P=0.023）、问题解决功能（F=3.788,P=0.024）和家庭总功能（F=3.306,P=0.038）之间存在差异,但家庭结构类型对家庭疾病沟通功能没有影响。结论：留守家庭结构、家庭功能和家庭健康之间相互影响,家庭结构裂痕严重弱化了留守家庭获取社会支持的能力;但家庭本身是一个不断变化中的动态系统,应依据相应的内在规则运行并实现留守家庭新＂平衡＂。

Objective： The structure of left- behind family is defective because of the core family members leaving home for job,which may cause serious health problem in this family. This manuscript focuses on the correlation among family structure,family health and family function.Methods： To make statistical analysis using the survey data of 304 left- behind families and 814 left- behind family members. Results： There are statistic differences on annual hospitalization（ χ~2= 9. 86,P = 0. 007） and prevalence of chronic diseases（ χ~2= 37. 29,P = 0. 000） among left- behind families with different structures. Comparing with state rate,the rate of annual hospitalization and chronic diseases in left- behind family is higher. The social support network for health problems is limited. There are differences of emotion communicating function（ F = 3. 804,P =0. 023） 、problem solving function（ F = 3. 788,P = 0. 024） and total family function（ F = 3. 306,P = 0. 038） in different family structure,but no influence of family diseases communication function. Conclusion： There are interactive relation between left- behind family structure,family function and family health. The ability of obtaining social support is weakened for the defective family structure. Family is a dynamic system and new balance should be rebuilt in order to adapt to new environment.