事实不证自明—突破医疗损害诉讼证明困境的另一视角

Res ipsa loquitur—another way to solve the proof diffi culties in medical disputes

事实不证自明是英美法系用于证明侵权方存在主观过错的证明规则。它的主要作用在于为案件规避诉答排除规则的便利,同时减轻了当事人的证明负担。在医疗纠纷的证明过程中,事实不证自明通过转换证明对象的方法减轻了证明难度,并对因果关系和侵害行为的证明产生间接的影响。我国法律在借鉴这一原则时,应当将其效力界定为一种可以反驳的推定,并适当放宽其适用条件。

Res Ipsa Loquitur is the rule that is used to prove fault in common law system, the main function of which is to prevent the case being excluded in pleading process, and mitigate the burden of proof of litigants.In medical liability cases, Res Ipsa Loquitur also helps to remove difficulty in proof by means of transferring proof object, which will affect the proof of cause and misconduct. We should use Res Ipsa Loquitur as the rebuttablepresumption, and re lax the propositions of using it.