四城市学龄儿童放学后零食消费行为调查

Study on snack-eating behaviors after school among school aged children in four cities

目的了解四城市放学后学龄儿童零食行为现状,为指导儿童合理消费零食提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,从北京、上海、成都和宜昌各抽取2所小学的全体学生共4 218名,对其放学后的零食行为进行问卷调查。结果学龄儿童放学后吃零食率男孩为93.6%,女孩为95.6%,女孩明显高于男孩（χ^2=8.647,P=0.003）。独生子女与非独生子女放学后吃零食率的差别有统计学意义（χ^2=575.190,P=0.000）。随着家庭月收入的增加,儿童吃零食率有上升趋势,月收入超过15 000元家庭儿童的吃零食率高于家庭月收入为8 001～15 000元者（χ^2=74.703,P=0.000）。最常吃的零食为薯类及膨化食品（83.3%）,豆类及其制品（83.0%）,蔬菜水果（78.4%）,肉类、海产品和蛋类（76.2%）。选择零食的依据主要包括口味（38.2%）、外包装（29.7%）、食品安全（28.1%）与营养（23.6%）。不同性别、年龄段学龄儿童放学后零食消费时间有差别。零食来源主要是家人准备（81.4%）和自己购买（16.1%）。结论放学后学龄儿童的零食行为仍存在一定问题,有待引导和改善。

Objective To understand the present situation of school aged children ＇s snack-eating behaviors after school,and to provide a basis for guiding children ＇s reasonable snacks consumption.Methods All students of two schools were selected from each of four cities,namely Shanghai,Chengdu,Beijing,and Yichang,and the snack-eating behaviors after school in total 4 218 school aged children were surveyed by questionnaire. Results The rate of snack consumption after school in the male students was 93. 6%,which is significant lower than that（ 95. 6%） in the female students（ χ^2= 8. 647,P =0. 003）. The difference of the rates between the students from the single-child families and whom from non-single-child families was statistically significant（ χ^2= 575. 190,P = 0. 000）. The rates raised in accordance with the increase of family＇s income,and the rate in the students from the families monthly income exceeding 15 000 yuan was higher than that from the families monthly income falling in 8 001- 15 000 yuan（ χ^2= 74. 703,P = 0. 000）. The favorite snacks include potato and puffed food（ 83. 3%）,beans and its products（ 83. 0%）,vegetables and fruits（ 78. 4%）,meat,seafood and eggs（ 76. 2%）. The reasons for choosing snacks mainly include taste（ 38. 2%）,external packaging（ 29. 7%）,food safety（ 28. 1%）,and nutrition（ 23. 6%）. The snack-eating time were different between different genders and among different aged children. The source of snacks were mainly from family prepared（ 81. 4%） and bought by themselves（ 16. 1%）. Conclusion Some problems were still existed in snack-eating behaviors after school among school aged children,which needs to be guided and improved.