医专女生原发性痛经自我管理健康教育干预效果分析

Effects of self-management health education on primary dysmenorrhea among female medical college students

目的评估自我管理健康教育对医专女生原发性痛经的干预效果,为有效降低女生原发性痛经的发生提供参考。方法在邵阳医学高等专科学校按分层整群随机抽样方法,经问卷调查和临床检查筛选出符合纳入标准的原发性痛经者320名,随机分为干预组和对照组各160名。干预组实施自我管理健康教育,对照组不采取任何干预措施,追踪观察6个月后比较干预前后两组的痛经频率、痛经症状积分和生命质量。结果干预后,干预组的痛经频率(2.16±1.01)次、痛经症状积分(7.57±2.56)较干预前明显下降[(4.63±0.73)次,(10.26±3.45)分](t值分别为26.866,11.969,P值均<0.01),与对照组[(4.45±1.02)次,(9.88±2.59)分]比较差异也均有统计学意义(t值分别为20.232,8.036,P值均<0.01);干预组生命质量维度中躯体疼痛、总健康状况、情感职能、生理健康总分和心理健康总分均高于干预前,且躯体疼痛、活力、生理健康总分均高于对照组(P值均<0.05)。结论自我管理健康教育能减少原发性痛经女生的痛经频率、减轻痛经症状,提高生命质量。

Objective To evaluate the effects of self-management health education on primary dysmenorrhea among female medical college students. Methods A total of 320 female students by stratified cluster random sampling in Shaoyang and was administrated with questionnaire survey and clinical examination. All the participants were randomly assigned to intervention group and control group. Self-management education was implemented in the intervention group（ n = 160）. After six months, dysmenorrhea frequency, the scores of symptoms, and quality of life of two groups were compared before and after the intervention. Results After intervention, the dysmenorrhea frequency（ 2.16±1.01）, scores of symptoms（ 7.57±2.56） of the intervention group were significantly decreased compared with before intervention（ P〈0.01）. The body pain, general health status, total score on emotional function,physical health and mental health score of the intervention group were significantly higher than that of before intervention, and the body pain, vitality,and physical health were higher than the control group（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion Self-management health education could effectively decrease dysmenorrhea frequency, alleviate dysmenorrhea symptoms and improve the quality of life among girls with primary dysmenorrhea.