宁波市中学生失眠状况及相关因素分析

Incidence and related factors of insomnia in adolescents in Zhejiang

目的了解宁波市中学生的失眠状况以及影响因素,为改善学生睡眠状况提供参考。方法通过分层整群随机抽样方法,以学生自评的方式,使用失眠严重程度指数量表（ISI）,对宁波市4所中学的3 932名学生进行问卷调查。结果 ISI平均得分为（5.2±4.3）分,存在失眠的有993人（25.3%）,其中轻度失眠838人（21.3%）,中度失眠136人（3.5%）,重度失眠19人（0.5%）。失眠症状主要为入睡困难（161人,4.1%）和早醒（148人,3.8%）。男女生失眠发生率差异无统计学意义（χ^2=3.785,P〉0.05）,高二（40.8%）、高一（37.2%）以及初三（40.7%）学生的失眠发生率明显高于初一（17.7%）、初二（24.4%）学生（χ^2=175.200,P〈0.05）。失眠严重程度在年龄、是否午睡、体质量指数（BMI）、打鼾情况、是否寄宿、饮酒情况、是否独生、健康状况、学习压力、对学习兴趣、父母亲受教育水平以及家庭月收入方面差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大（OR=1.578）、学习压力越大（OR=0.822）的中学生,失眠发生的可能性就越大。结论中学生失眠现象较为普遍,且年龄和学习压力是主要影响因素。可从减轻学习负担入手对中学生失眠进行干预。

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics and related factors of insomnia in middle school students in Zhejiang Province. Methods Students of 4 middle schools were randomly selected. These adolescents were assessed by Insomnia Severity Index（ ISI）. Results The average score of ISI was（ 5.2±4.3）. The prevalence of insomnia（ ISI7） was 25.3%. The prevalence of mild insomnia was 21.3%. moderate insomnia was 3.5% and severe insomnia was 0.5%. The most common symptoms were difficulty initiating sleep（ 4.1%） and waking up early（ 3.8%）. There were not sex differences in insomnia（ χ^2= 3.785,P〈0.05）. High middle school students and 9th grade students were more to have insomnia. Severe insomnia were associated with age, nap, body mass index（ BMI）, snore, lodge, liquor, no brother, health, study stress, study interest, educated level of parents and family income. The most important factors of insomnia were age and study stress. Conclusion Insomnia is a common sleep problem in middle school students and female students is not more than male students. The most important factors of insomnia are age and study stress.