安徽省2008～2013年农村饮水安全工程水质监测结果分析

Analysis on drinking water quality of centralized water units in rural area of Anhui province in 2008-2013

目的了解安徽省农村生活饮用水卫生监测状况，为加强安徽省农村饮用水水质监测提供科学依据。方法按照《全国农村饮水安全工程卫生监测技术方案》的要求选取监测县，根据不同的水源类型、供水方式及水质状况选取监测点，每个监测点在枯水期和丰水期各检测1次，每次采集出厂水、末梢水水样各1份。结果全省2008—2013年农村饮水安全工程共监测水样34193份，合格水样16902份，总体水质合格率49．4％。全省农村饮水安全工程总体水质合格率逐年提高，从2008年的30．1％提高到2013年的62．5％（x2趋势=1017，P〈0．001）。枯水期水质合格率显著高于丰水期（r=60．00，P〈0．001）；出厂水水质合格率显著高于末梢水（r=24．62，P〈0．001）；地面水为水源的水质合格率显著高于地下水（r=296．99，P〈0．001）。监测指标以总大肠菌群合格率最低，其次是耐热大肠菌群、菌落总数。结论安徽省农村饮水安全工程水质合格率偏低，以微生物指标超标率最高，农村饮用水安全存在一定的隐患。

Objective To investigate the situation of drinking water quality in rural areas of Anhui province, and to pro- vide scientific basis for strengthening the monitoring of drinking water quality. Methods According to the ＂National Sani- tary Surveillance Scheme for Rural Drinking Water Projects＂, we selected the counties and the monitoring points { the water factories） in Anhui province. Each monitoring point measured the factory water and terminal tap water in the dry and wet season respectively. Results Totally 34 193 drinking water samples were tested from 2008 to 2013 in Anhui rural area, and the overall water quality qualified rate was 49.4% （ 16 902 qualified samples）. The qualified rate of water quality had increased year by year, from 30.1% in 2008 to 62.5% in 2013 （ trendx2 = 1017, P 〈0.001 ）. The dry season water quali- ty qualified rate was significantly higher than that in the wet season （X2 = 60. 00, P 〈 0.001 }. The factory water quality qual- ified rate was significantly higher than that of the tap water （X2 = 24. 62, P 〈 0.001 }. The surface water quality rate was significantly higher than that in groundwater {X2 = 296. 99, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The lowest qualified rate indexes were total coli group, thermotolerant coliforms group and total bacterial count. Conclusion The qualified rate of drinking water in rural areas of Anhui province was low, and the quality rate of microbial indicators was lowest. There were some risks in rural drinkine water in Anhui nrovince.