四次跨膜蛋白CD81的研究现状

Current Research Status of Tetraspanins CD81

Tetraspanins特殊的四次跨膜结构能联系膜内、跨膜和膜外蛋白,从而形成一个通道,起到连接膜内外生物信号的作用。CD81是一种具有多种生物学活性的四次跨膜蛋白分子,在机体内分布广泛并参与生物体大量的生理应答反应,在多个细胞过程中充当重要角色,且与人类很多疾病的发病机理息息相关,受到广泛关注并成为研究热点。目前对CD81的分子结构、空间构象及在不同组织细胞中的作用机制尚未完全清楚,仍有待于进一步研究与探讨,尤其是探究CD81在丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染宿主细胞过程中的精确作用对于临床应用至关重要。作者将重点阐述近年在CD81的分子结构与生化特征、细胞融合效应、识别病毒的机制、在免疫系统中的作用、临床应用等研究方面取得的进展和意义,这对研究临床各种疾病的发病机理和治疗都具有重要的现实意义。

Tetraspanins with special four-times acrossing membrane structure can contact outer,intrinsic membrane and transmembrane proteins,which forms a channel to connect the internal and external membrane signal.CD81,as one member of Tetraspanins,has a variety of biological activities and is widely dispersed and participates in the organism physiological responses.CD81 plays an important role in many cell process,and is closely related to the pathogenesis of many human diseases,and so widely watched.But the molecular structure,space conformation and physiological mechanisms of CD81 are still not entirely clear.We still need to do further research and discussion,especially,the comprehensively understanding of precise role of CD81 in the process of HCV into a host cell,it is vital for clinical application.This article would focus on the research progresses of molecular structure and biochemical characteristics,cell fusion effect,the virus-identified mechanism,the role in the immune system and clinical application on CD81.In summary,clarifing the function and role of CD81 is important to study the clinical pathogenesis and treatment of various diseases.