乡土小说在今天的可能——论王跃文《漫水》中的生死主题

The Possibility of Local Novels Today——Analysis on Being and Death in Wang Yuewen's Manshui

近代以来出现的中国乡土的现代化改造,一步步瓦解了乡土文化的完整性和独立性,使得它被日益深重地卷入到一个更大的全球化进程中去。王跃文2014年获鲁迅文学奖的《漫水》体现了乡土想象的维持所需要作出的在叙事上的牺牲,那就是通过生死主题的处理来淡化现代乡土的历史时间维度,而强化其自然、神话性的时间维度。这种处理方式虽然增强了文学的诗性,但也削弱了其历史感。如果说王跃文仍然能在一个日益"去乡土化"的语境中凭自己的经验和记忆来拼补一幅大体完整的乡土图景,那么对于那些缺少这种经验与记忆的新一代作家,对于未来的中国文学,乡土小说的传统如何延续将成为一个问题。

The local culture＇s integrity and independence has been gradually destroyed and involved in grander globalization process with the development of Chinese local moderation since modern times. Wang Yuewen＇s Manshui which won Lu Xun Literature Prize in 2014 embodies that the maintenance of local imagination needs to sacrifice in narrative,that is to say,minimizing the history time dimension and strengthening the nature time dimension with handling the theme about being and death. Even if Wang Yuewen can still describe a mainly complete local prospect with his own experience and memory in this modern context,it is a big problem for new novelists without this experience and memory to continue the local narrative.