γ-氨基丁酸——一种潜在糖尿病治疗药物研究进展

Research Progress on γ-Aminobutyric Acid Potentially Treating Diabetes

糖尿病是一种由胰岛素分泌缺乏、胰岛素抵抗或者两者兼有导致具有高血糖症状的代谢性疾病。Ⅰ型糖尿病中,β细胞损伤主要是由于自身免疫因素导致的;II型糖尿病则主要由于代谢因素导致β细胞功能丧失,随之β细胞凋亡。GABA具有保护β细胞免受细胞因子、药物、氧化应激等诱导的凋亡,能够改善糖尿病的症状,同时GABA也具有抗炎症和免疫调节的功能。文章主要综述GABA对胰岛β细胞的保护、β细胞增殖作用和其信号调节机制以及潜在的治疗糖尿病的功能。这些研究能够提高对GABA调节胰岛β细胞再生功能的认识,为开发糖尿病治疗新疗法奠定了基础。

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secre- tion,insulin action, or both. β cells were destroyed by autoimmunity mechanisms in type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, as is known, metabolic factors were connected with βcell failure and subsequently leading to apoptosis. GABA protects islet β-cells against apoptosis induced by cytokines, drugs, and oxidative stress. Alleviating the systoms of diabetes in preclinical models suggests potential applications for treating the diabetic patients. Meanwhile, GABA also exerts anti-inflammation and immunoregulation effects. The actions of GABA on regulating both protective and proliferation of β-cells,including its signaling mechanisms and potential therapy with islet- antigen were summerized. These researches increase our understanding of the functions of GABA in the nonneural tissue which are pancreas and immune system to regulate regenerative process of pancreatic β cells, and help to pave the way to develop new therapies for treatment diabetes.