自贡岩口簿档案发凡:起源、内容及价值

The Introduction of Zigong Yankoubu : Origin, Content and Value

四川自贡地区遗存了我国迄今发现最早的盐业地质钻井档案,俗称"岩口簿"。作为国家档案文献遗产的岩口簿档案,系统记录了清代民国时期及新中国成立初期近200年来超千米深度盐井在传统凿井工艺下的凿井过程、各工序使用的工具、每天钻凿的进度、各岩层地质情况、凿井过程中事故发生的原因与采取的处理措施等内容。可贵的是,岩口簿档案除对凿井活动本身的记载外,还大量记录了清代民国时期自贡盐场的盐业经营契约、管理制度、劳作安排及社会民俗生活等行业特色的社会人文信息。这批档案为研究我国宋代至民国时期深井钻凿技术的演变和发展,以及认识自贡地区地质结构、盐矿资源分布提供了不可多得的文献资料;不仅具有珍贵的档案文献遗产价值、文物价值和史料价值,而且在盐矿地质史、钻探科技史、盐业经济史、地方社会史及民俗研究等方面独具重要意义。

The earliest geological drilling archive of salt industry that ever found in China, known as ＂Yankoubu＂, is conserved in Zigong, Sichuan province. As a heritage of National Archives, Yankoubu systematically records the thousands-meter-deep well drilling process in the period of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China and at the beginning of the establishment of the new China nearly 200 years. The records include the procedure of well drilling, used tools, daily drilling progress, various geological formations, the cause and measures of the accident in the process of drilling. In addition to the drilling activity, Yankoubu also records a large number of salt relating information in Zigong saltern during the period of late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, such as salt business contract management, system of administration, work arrangements and social customs etc. These archives provide rare documents for the study of the evolution and development of deep well drilling technology from Song Dynasty to the Republic of China, and the understanding of the Geological structure and salt resources distribution in Zigong. Yankoubu not only have the precious archival heritage value, cultural value and historical document value and get unique significance in the salt mine geological history, history of drilling technology, economic history of salt industry, local social history and folklore research.