从陌生人到共同体——孔子及其弟子师生关系伦理性质考论

An Inquiry into the Teacher-student Relationship between Confucius and his Disciples

孔子之前时代教育关系的成立来源于行政命令或家族办学,本质上是从熟人关系直接派生出来的。与之前教育形式相比较,孔子与其学生的关系最初具有陌生人性质。通过教学活动,他们最终转化为熟人性质甚至是拟亲人性质的师生关系。当拟亲人性质的师生关系出现时,容易蜕变为紧密的利益共同体,然而孔子与弟子之间形成的却是道义共同体,从而形成了人际关系中崭新的一伦——"师生",奠定了古典时代师生关系伦理的基本内涵。

Before Confucius＇ time, the establishment of the education relationship was effected by government order or family education,therefore,the relationship was derived directly from acquaintances relationship. However,in Confucius time the relationship between Confucius and his students began from strangers. Through teaching activities,they eventually became acquaintances and even were relative-like.When teachers and students become relative-like,they could be easily united as a community of interests.Confucius and disciples were united as a community of morality,and thus formed a new human ethical relation which named teacher-student relationship and established the basic connotation of teacher-student ethics in the classic ages.