浙江省结核病耐药状况分析

An analysis on the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis drug resistance in Zhejiang Province

目的通过结核病耐药监测,了解浙江省结核病耐药状况,为耐药结核病疫情控制提供依据。方法在浙江省随机抽取30个县(区),对样本县(区)2013年7月1日—2014年6月30日发现的涂阳患者做细菌培养,将其中结核分枝杆菌(TB)培养阳性的菌株纳入耐药分析。结果共纳入1 010例涂阳患者,其中51例(5.05%)鉴定为非TB,936例(92.67%)鉴定为TB,23例(2.28%)培养细菌未生长。浙江省结核病总耐药率为30.88%,耐多药率为5.02%。其中初治耐药率29.22%,耐多药率3.21%;复治耐药率45.74%,耐多药率21.28%。13种纳入监测的抗结核药物均存在耐药现象,链霉素(SM)总耐药率最高(15.28%),氨基糖苷类相对较低(2.35%)。初治患者中SM耐药率最高(14.37%),耐药谱系比例较高的为耐SM、丙硫异烟胺、异烟肼(INH)、INH+SM和氧氟沙星+左氧氟沙星+莫西沙星;复治患者中INH耐药率最高(30.85%),耐药谱系比例较高的为耐SM、INH+利福平(RFP)、INH+RFP+SM、INH和RFP。复治患者总耐药率、耐多药率、一线抗结核药物耐药率以及对INH、RFP、SM、乙胺丁醇、卡那霉素和对氨基水杨酸的耐药率均比初治患者高(P<0.05)。结论浙江省结核病患者初治耐药率较以往有所上升,表明耐药菌株的原发传播并未得到有效控制;复治耐药率和耐多药率均有所下降,表明实施标准短程化疗方案已取得一定成效;SM的高耐药率提示现有治疗方案中SM尚需商榷。

Objective To monitor the drug resistance of tuberculosis in Zhejiang Province and to provide scientific evidence for the control of drug resistant tuberculosis.Methods Thirty counties in Zhejiang Province were selected as sample during July 1,2013 and June 30 2014,and smear positive cases were selected to be monitored during study period. Results The rate of drug resistance was 30.88%,and the rate of multi drug resistance was 5.02%.The rate of the extensively drug -resistant tuberculosis was 0.32%.Among initial treatment cases,the rate of drug resistance was 29.22%,higher than 2008,and the rate of multi drug resistance was 3.21%.Among retreatment cases,the rate of drug resistance was 45.74%,and the rate of multi drug resistance was 21.28%.All kinds of monitored drugs were found resistance phenomenon.The drug resistant rate of SM was highest （15.28%）,and aminoglycosides （2.35%）were relatively low.Conclusion The status of retreatment TB drug resistance suggested that we had reduced acquired TB drug resistance through implementation of DOTS strategy and standard short course chemotherapy treatment in Zhejiang Province. But it is still not optimistic to control TB drug resistance,and the status of initial treatment TB resistant suggested that resistant strains spread had not been effectively controlled in Zhejiang Province.So we should strengthen the early detection of drug resistant among TB patients,and to further improve the standard of conventional TB treatment.