氧化应激对卵母细胞发育及体外受精—胚胎移植结局的影响

Effects of Oxidative Stress on Oocyte Development and the Outcome of in vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer:A Review

卵母细胞及胚胎发育的微环境中,由氧气参与新陈代谢所产生的一些活性氧物质如得不到及时清除,会诱导氧化应激的现象。有研究显示,氧化应激是影响卵母细胞质量和胚胎发育潜能的主要因素之一,大量的氧化应激可导致卵母细胞内线粒体形态和功能的改变,进而影响三磷酸腺苷(ATP)合成,干扰卵母细胞内减数分裂,使卵母细胞内非整倍体染色体数目增多,造成胚胎DNA损伤和早期发育停滞,最终导致不良妊娠结局。在体外培养时,经常通过添加外源性抗氧化剂或自由基清除剂,以及建立并维持卵母细胞及胚胎发育所需的低氧环境来拮抗氧化应激的不良作用。就氧化应激的产生、对卵母细胞和胚胎发育的影响及其机制,以及如何拮抗氧化应激的不良影响进行综述。

Some of reactive oxygen species （ROS） were produced in the microenvironment of oocyte andembryo when oxygen participates in the metabolism. If not eliminated in time, ROS can directly induce theoxidative stress. Studies have shown that the oxidative stress is one of the dominant factors related to the oocytequality. The excess oxidative stress may lead to changes in the morphology and function of mitochondria in theoocyte, the synthesis of ATP and the meiotic process. After that, the increasing oocyte aneuploidy and the damageof embryonic DNA may lead to the stagnation of embryonic development and the poor outcome of pregnancy. In invitro culture of oocyte and embryo, the adverse effects of oxidative stress can be well eliminated by addingexogenous antioxidants or free radical scavenger, and establishing and maintaining the hypoxic environment for thedevelopment of oocyte and embryo. This article reviewes the onset of oxidative stress, the effect on thedevelopment of oocytes and embryo and the mechanisms involved, and how to overcome the adverse affect ofoxidative stress.