老年脑卒中患者居家安全隐患及需求分析

Risk and Needs Analysis of Home Security for Elderly Patients with Stroke

脑卒中又称脑中风或脑血管意外[1]常见病多发病,由于其高发病率、高病死率、高致残率,近年来已成为严重危害老年人生命健康与质量的主要公共问题,给社会和家庭带来沉重的负担。根据统计我国每年发脑卒中病人达200万,发病率高达120/10万,我国每年卒中病人死亡120万。现幸存脑卒中病人700万,其中450万病人不同程度丧失劳动力和生活不能自理致残率高达75%[2]。由于济状况的影响及社会医疗资源的限制,多数病人选择病情稳定后即回到社区继续康复疗养[3]。出院后患者由于脑卒中引起意识、视觉、听觉、触觉及感知等不同程度的功能障碍,这些功能的康复需要半年甚至更长时间使患者及家属陷入"适应"与"照顾"的困扰中[4-5]。在居家环境下若有安全隐患的存在就更容易导致安全意外事件的发生。马斯洛的人类基本需要阶层理论认为,安全是人类最基本的需要,如何减少或避免安全隐患就成为提高老年脑卒中患者生活质量的关键问题。

Stroke, also known as stroke and cerebral vascular accident[1] is a common and frequently occurring disease, be-cause of its high incidence, high mortality rate, high disability rate, in recent years has become a serious harm to the health and life of the aged population and the quality of public problems, to the society and the family brings heavy burden. Ac-cording to statistics, China＇s annual stroke patients up to 200 million, the incidence rate is as high as 120 / 10 million, the stroke patients every year in our country death 120 million. At present, the surviving patients with cerebral stroke 700 mil-lion, the 450 million patients in different degrees loss of labor and life can not be self-care disability rate as high as 75%[2]. Due to the impact of the economic situation and the limitations of social medical resources, the majority of patients to choose a stable condition after the return to the community to continue rehabilitation and rehabilitation[3]. After discharge patients due to cerebral stroke caused by dysfunction of different degree of awareness, visual, auditory, tactile sensation and percep-tion, the rehabilitation of these functions need half a year or even longer to patients and their families into[4-5]＂adaptation＂and ＂care＂ problems. In the home environment, if there is a security risk is more likely to lead to the occurrence of safety accidents. According to Maslow＇s theory of human basic needs, safety is the most basic needs of human beings, how to re-duce or avoid security risks has become a key issue to improve the quality of life of elderly patients with stroke.