杭州市某区苯接触员工血常规检查结果及其影响因素

Analysis on results of blood routine examination among benzene exposed employees in a district of Hangzhou City and their influencing factors

目的分析2011年11月杭州市拱墅区所有职业性苯接触员工的体检资料,了解苯接触员工的分布和职业健康管理状况,分析苯接触对员工健康状况的损害情况。方法收集杭州市2011年11月该区涉苯企业的职业健康检查数据,并通过问卷调查知晓员工基本情况、主要生活习惯;同时选择涉苯企业中不接触苯的行政、后勤、销售1 012名工作人员为对照,对比分析涉苯员工和未涉苯员工的职业健康状况。结果该区1 469名苯接触员工中,参加职业健康检查人数1 012名,检查率为68.9%,血细胞计数异常80名,血细胞异常率为7.9%。未涉苯员工的血常规异常率[5.7%(58/1 012)]低于涉苯员工,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。涉苯员工的白细胞计数、红细胞计数、血红蛋白水平均低于非涉苯员工,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。涉苯员工血常规异常的影响因素除苯接触外,女性员工、不佩戴防护用品、吸烟、苯浓度不合格也是血常规异常的间接影响因素(P<0.05)。结论职业健康检查率偏低,苯接触已经对职工的身体健康产生一定程度的损害,企业应当强化职业卫生宣传和培训,督促员工在涉苯环境中学会自我保护,并且针对重点人群进行专项管理。

Objective To understand the distribution of benzene exposure employees and their occupational health management status,and to analyze the hazard situation of benzene exposure on the employees′ health status by analyzing the physical examination data in all the employees with occupational benzene exposure in a district of Hangzhou City during 2011.Methods The occupational health examination data in the benzene related enterprises in a district of Hanzhou City during 2011 were collected. The basic situation and main living habits of the employees were understood by the questionnaire survey;meanwhile the employees of administration,logistics and sales without benzene exposure were selected as the control group. The occu-pational health conditions between the benzene exposure employees and non-benzene exposure employees were performed the comparative analysis. Results Among 1 469 employees exposed to benzene,1 012 employees took part in the occupational health examination,the rate of examination was 68.9%. Eighty employees had abnormal blood cell count with the abnormal blood cell count rate of 7.9%. Each blood cell count level in the employees exposed to benzene was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）;besides benzene exposure,female employees,without wearing protective equipment,smoking condition and benzene concentration without reaching the standard also were the indirect factors of abnormal blood routine（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The occupational health examination rate is low. Benzene exposure has a certain degree of damage to the health of the employees. Enterprises should strengthen the occupational health propaganda and training,urge employees to study the self protection in benzene related environment and provide special administration to focus groups.