刘邦胜项羽之舆论因素分析

An Analysis of the Factor of Public Opinions on Liu Bang's Defeating Xiang Yu

舆论对于战争具有重要影响,刘邦作为一名出色的政治家,深谙此道,注重引导和控制舆论走向。楚汉战争中,刘邦能够取得最终胜利,与其善于利用舆论战术有着密切关系。起事之初,刘邦利用迷信,神化出身,通过发挥舆论传播的影响力,构建其领袖地位的合法性,吸引众人追随。起事之后,借舆论宣传之力,树立其"宽大长者"、"仁慈爱民"的光辉政治形象,实现收揽民心之目的。对峙之时,从道德层面声讨项羽,使之成为众矢之的,达到控制舆论之目的,并为发动战争寻求舆论依据。决战之际,刘邦再造舆论,瓦解项羽军心,挫敌锋芒,最终取得胜利。与之相对,项羽则轻信谣言,不辨真假,猜忌臣下,人才流失,民心丧失,舆论倒向刘邦,终致失败自杀。因此,赢得战争,不仅需要雄厚的军事实力作为后盾,更需要舆论宣传中的精神征服,对舆论的成功运用是刘邦取得胜利的重要法宝。

The spread of public opinions has an important effect on winning a war. At the late years of the Qin dynasty,Liu Bang,an outstanding politician,laid great emphasis on leading and controlling the trend of public opinions. Liu Bang＇s final victory in the Chu-Han war owed much to his skillful use of public opinions. At the beginning of the war,Liu Bang made full use of the public opinions by deifying himself to justify his leadership so that the public would follow and support him.Afterwards,Liu Bang built a positive image of himself as a generous elderly and as a benevolent leader who loves his people through public opinions,in order to win over the people＇s support. During the decisive battle against Xiang Yu,Liu Bang disintegrated the morale of Xiang Yu＇s army by means of public opinion and eventually won the victory. The result of the war shows that in order to win a war,psychological control through public opinions is also needed besides strong military strength.