从餐食类名词看全球华语的共同基础

On the Common Basis and Evolution of Global Chinese

全球华语有共同的基础和来源,这就是20世纪上半叶的民族共同语——国语。文章以全球华语通用的三套餐食类名词,即"早饭、午饭、晚饭,早餐、午餐、晚餐,早膳、午膳、晚膳"为对象,对其在国语之前、国语中,以及普通话和华语中的使用情况分别进行考察,由此证明:第一,全球华语拥有早期国语这一共同基础;第二,传统国语有两条主要发展线索,即普通话与华语,二者有较为明显的差异,但是时至今日也有一定程度的融合;第三,各地华语有较高的一致性,但是也有一定的差异。最后,文章提出了"现代汉语史视野下的普通话与华语"这一命题,主要是想从历时角度理清全球华语及各地华语的发展线索与脉络,由此更好地理解和把握它们的共时样态及相互关系。

Mandarin spoken in the early part of the last century is the basis and source of global Chinese.The paper takes the nouns of three meals of a day as the subject,investigating their usage respectively in four aspects:pre-Mandarin,during-Mandarin,in Putonghua and in Chinese language,thus proving that:1) there is a common basis of global Chinese;2) there are two major lines of development of traditional Mandarin with significant differences but a certain degree of fusion,i.e.,Putonghua and Chinese language;and 3) there is high consistency in Chinese of different districts,though there still exist certain differences.At last,the paper puts forward a theme called 'Putonghua and Chinese language in the perspective of the history of Modern Chinese',aiming at the clarification of the development of Chinese language and a better understanding of the coexistence of its varieties.