摘要
现代农业需要农民专业合作社的稳健发展来带动,而融资难问题已成为严重影响农民专业合作社发展壮大的制约因素,制约了现代农业与农村经济的发展。基于黑龙江省102家农民专业合作社的实地调查,从资金需求情况、资金来源情况、提供贷款的金融机构情况等方面分析了黑龙江省农民专业合作社的融资现状。结果表明,黑龙江省农民专业合作社类型主要包括种植合作社、养殖合作社和农机合作社,占比分别为76%、14%和10%。合作社通常采用抵押贷款、第三方担保贷款、信用贷款、成员联保贷款及民间借贷等方式进行融资,但仍有84.31%的合作社资金需求难以得到满足。提供贷款的金融机构数量较少,且通常以高利率弥补高风险。合作社融资过程中存在的问题主要包括资金来源渠道狭窄、金融机构网点分布有限、融资成本相对较高、金融产品不适应需求等。其成因主要在于合作社自身发展存在约束、农村金融服务体系的功能存在缺位、政府的相关引导与政策落实不到位。因此,为了解决黑龙江省农民专业合作社融资难问题,提出了加强农民专业合作社自身建设;加大金融机构涉农服务力度;加强政府扶持力度等对策建议。
The prosperity of modern agriculture depends on the stable development of specialized farmer cooperatives (SFCs) from a certain degree. However, ifnancing dififculties have substantially restricted the growth of cooperatives, hence cramping the development of modern agriculture and rural economy. Based on a survey data covering 102 cooperatives, this paper analyzed the financing situations of SFCs in Heilongjiang Province from the perspectives of capital demand, capital sources and lending financial institutions. Result indicates that the SFCs in Heilongjiang Province can mainly be divided into three categories, including crop planting cooperatives, husbandry cooperatives and agricultural machinery cooperatives, with the shares of 76%, 14% and 10%, respectively. These cooperatives generally ifnance through mortgage loans, third-party guarantee loans, credit loans, membership joint guarantee loans, and private loans. But there are still 84.31%cooperatives capital needs are not provided. In addition, the number of ifnancial institutions that provide loans for cooperatives is considerably limited, and the loans are usually come with a high interest rate to offset the high risks of cooperatives. There are still lots of problems in the financing process for cooperatives, too, including very few capital sources, limited accessibility of ifnancial institutions, relatively high ifnancing costs, and ifnancial products un-matching the need of cooperatives. Main causing reasons include constrained development of cooperatives, dis-functioning of the rural ifnancial service system, and inadequate implementation of government guidance and related policies. In order to mitigate ifnancing dififculties of SFCs in Heilongjiang Province, this paper suggests to promote SFCs by self-improvement, to increase the accessibility of financial institutions’ agriculture-related services, and to enhance government support.
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第4期725-732,共8页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(15JYD04)
东北农业大学科学研究基金资助项目(2012RCB75)~~
关键词
农民专业合作社
资金需求
资金短缺
融资
农村金融
specialized farmer cooperatives
capital demand
capital shortage
ifnancing
rural ifnance