基于地面激光扫描仪的潮滩地貌研究初探

Preliminary study about the geomorphology in the tidal flat based on the terrestrial laser scanning

传统潮滩地貌的研究方法难以刻画潮滩的微观地貌特征,地面激光扫描仪(TLS)的应用为潮滩地貌的研究提供了新的切入点,然而目前关于TLS在潮滩地貌研究中鲜有报道。以江苏东灶港海岸一段潮滩地貌为研究对象,基于野外扫描数据,对扫描区域的点云数据进行精度评估,并尝试利用反距离加权插值(IDW)与克里金插值(Kriging)方法构建了潮滩地貌的数字高程模型(DEM)。研究结果表明:(1)通过点云数据构建的DEM数据能够实现潮滩地貌的定量模拟;(2)利用IDW插值可以便捷高效构建潮滩海量数据点的DEM;(3)利用TLS量化短期地貌变化如潮汐沉积旋回效果并不好。本研究可为利用TLS在潮滩微观地貌中的量化研究提供参考。

Traditional tidal geomorphology research methods are difficult to characterize the micro tidal geomorphology,and the emergence of terrestrial laser scanning（TLS） provides a new sight in studying tidal geomorphology. However,there is little study about using the TLS technique in tidal geomorphology studies currently. We use field scan data to obtain the point clouds in the coastal tidal flatof Dongzaogang. Firstly, we carried out the noise reduction of the point clouds, and then the accuracy of the measurements was assessed by the analysis of elevation deviations for flat and horizontal concrete blocks. Finally, we attempted to construct tidal flat DEM using the method of IDW and Kriging interpolation. It can be concluded that the constructed DEM based on point clouds can quantitatively model the real topography of tidal flat. The interpolation method of IDW can construct DEM quickly. Due to the data error of the Li DAR scanners itself, it may be not good to measure the short term changes in geomorphological processes such as tidal creeks and tidal deposition. But TLS can be still used if the change of the landscape is much larger than the error of the instrument itself. The results provide a reference for using TLS to study microscopic landscape quantitatively.