食用菌栽培料中的农药在常压灭菌过程中的分解规律研究

The decomposition of different pesticide residues in substrate of edible mushroom under different sterilization time

以生产上常用的木屑棉籽壳栽培料为基质添加敌敌畏等9种常用农药,研究农药拌入栽培料后不同常压灭菌时间的残留量和降解率。结果：9种农药在高温灭菌时的稳定性从高到低依次为：联苯菊酯〉氯氰菊酯〉甲氰菊酯〉溴氰菊酯〉多菌灵〉毒死蜱〉甲基托布津〉百菌清〉敌敌畏。其中,敌敌畏在常压灭菌6小时后几乎完全分解,百菌清和甲基托布津在灭菌12小时后降解率达到90%以上,但甲基托布津在降解的过程中会产生多菌灵;而多菌灵和毒死蜱在灭菌30个小时后仍有10%~15%的残留量。

In order to monitor and control the pesticide residues in glowing substrate of edible mushrooms, 9 pesticides were used to study the pesticide residues and decomposition rates under different time of sterilization. The results indicated that the stability of 9 pesticides from high to low were as follows： bifenthrin 〉 cypermethrin 〉 fenpropathrin 〉 deltamethrin 〉 carbendazim 〉 chlorpyrifos 〉 mildothane 〉 chlorothalonil 〉 dichlorvos. Dichlorvos was decomposed almost completely after 6 hours of sterilization. The degradation rate of chlorothalonil and mildothane were above 90% after 12 hours of sterilization. The pesticide residues of carbendazim and chlorpyrifos ranged from 10% to 15% at 30 hours of sterilization. Pyrethriod pesticides had better thermal stability, and the residues after sterilization was still high, more attention should be paid in pyrthriod pesticides detection when choosing materials for mushroom.