“革命—亲情”的两难困境——论20世纪40年代解放区文艺“母亲丧子”题材的叙事策略

The Dilemma Between Revolution and Affection——Narrative Strategies in the Works about “Mother Loss Her Son” in the Literature and Art Creation of the Liberated Areas in the 1940s

在20世纪40年代的解放区文艺创作中,一些以"母亲丧子"为题材的作品将母亲们置于革命与血缘亲情的两难处境中,描写革命大义对于母性本能的胜利。作品在表现这一独特的题材时运用了两种叙事策略:一是赋予八路军战士来自革命伦理的身份优势,以"解救之恩"与"对敌之仇"完成对"杀子之罪"与"丧子之痛"的遮蔽或转移;二是制造革命与亲情之间二元对立的矛盾,描写母亲对血缘亲情的疏离,并以战士的"代偿式亲情"补偿、替换天然的母子情。叙事策略背后是革命政治对于家庭(亲情)的矛盾态度,"母亲丧子"题材可视为革命文学情感动员的极端案例。

In the literary and art creation of the liberated areas in the 1940 s,some works themed＂mother loss her son＂placed mothers in a dilemma between revolution and blood affection,and described the loyalty of revolution overcoming maternal instinct. There are two kinds of narrative strategies used in the special subject： First,the soldier from the Eighth Route Army was endowed with identity advantage from revolutionary ethic. And the sin of killing-sub and bereavement were overshadowed or transferred by the favor of liberation and the hatred to enemy. Second,a contradiction was made between revolution and natural affection.The works described mother＇s alienation from blood affection and replaced the natural love between mother and son with the compensatory affection from the soldier. Behind the narrative strategy there＇s an ambivalent attitude of revolutionary politics towards family（affection）. The works about ＂mother loss her son＂could be seen as an extreme case of emotional mobilization in revolutionary literature.