2012—2014年上海市松江区哨点企业电焊烟尘主动监测结果

Active surveillance results of welding fume in sentinel enterprises in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2012-2014

目的了解上海市松江区2012—2014年电焊作业哨点企业工作场所电焊烟尘的暴露水平,分析影响暴露的主要因素,为有效加强电焊作业监管,预防和控制电焊工尘肺病提供科学依据。方法开展电焊烟尘主动监测,个体采样器呼吸带采样,重量法测定现场空气中电焊烟尘的浓度。开展现场问卷调查,收集可能影响暴露的因素,运用描述统计分析辖区电焊烟尘暴露水平及影响暴露的因素。结果共获得204份电焊烟尘样品,浓度检测值中位数为2.6(P_(25)为1.3;P_(75)为4.7)mg/m^3,算术均数为4.5 mg/m^3,超标率为30.9%。3年中,电焊烟尘浓度超标率2013年(38.9%)最高,2014年(17.5%)最低。其中中型企业为40.9%、国外投资企业为33.9%、内资企业为32.6%、金属制品业为46.4%、CO2电弧焊为38.2%。结论松江区电焊作业哨点企业电焊烟尘超标率较高,会引起较大的健康风险,通风效果、作业环境特征、作业特点、作业点特征均对电焊烟尘浓度超标率和接触水平有影响。应开展电焊工尘肺病监测及健康风险评估工作。同时应对超标的企业和作业点开展专项治理行动,并对影响电焊烟尘接触水平的主要因素加以控制。

[Objective]To know the exposure level of welding fume in the workplace of welding work sentinel enterprises in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2012-2014,analyze the main factors influencing the exposure level,and provide scientific evidence for effectively enhancing the welding work supervision and preventing and controlling the pneumoconiosis in welders.[Methods]Active surveillance of welding fume was developed,with personal sampler sampling in breathing zone,and gravimetric measurement applied for concentration of welding fume in air. A questionnaire on site was used to collect the information about influencing factors.Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the welding fume exposure level and the influencing factors. [Results]Totally 204 air samples were collected and concentration detection value showed 2.6（ P25 was 1.3 and P75 was 4.7）mg/m^3 of the median,4.5 mg/m^3 of the arithmetic mean,and 30.9% of the percentage of the samples exceeding occupational exposure limit（OEL）. In the three years,the exceeding standard rate of welding fume concentration was the highest in 2013（38.9%）and lowest in 2014（17.5%）. The exceeding standard rate in medium enterprises,foreign investment enterprises and domestic enterprise was respectively 40.9%,33.9% and 32.6%.The exceeding standard rate in metal products industry was 46.4%,and that of CO_2 arc welding was 38.2%.[Conclusion]The exceeding standard rate of welding fume concentration is higher in welding work sentinel enterprises in Songjiang District of Shanghai,which might lead to higher health risks. Effectiveness of ventilation,operating environment characteristics,operating features and location of welding activities have an influences on exceeding standard rate of welding fume concentration and exposure level. It is necessary to carry out the welders＇ pneumoconiosis disease monitoring and health risk assessment,take the special treatment action in high-risk enterprises and operating points,and control the main factors influencing the exposure level of welding fume.