作坊式宝石加工场所接尘工人职业健康监护结果

Analysis on occupational health surveillance results of dust-exposed workers in gem processing individual workshops

目的了解作坊式宝石加工场所劳动者健康状况及宝石加工粉尘对劳动者健康影响的特点,为该行业劳动者职业病防治提供科学依据。方法对深圳市某宝石村作坊式宝石加工场所进行现场调查,组织宝石加工接尘组226名和对照组160名工人进行健康检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果接尘组检查项目异常人数96人(总检出率42.47%),与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义;肺部异常检出33人,其中粉尘作业职业禁忌证13名,观察对象16例,疑似尘肺及Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期矽肺各1例,肺部异常与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义;不同工种尘肺样影像学改变差异有统计学意义,其中切石工(30.0%)最高;不同工龄和年龄段分组尘肺样影像学改变阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义;接尘者中吸烟组和不吸烟组尘肺样影像学改变检出率比较,差异无统计学意义。结论作坊式宝石加工作业场所中粉尘危害对劳动者健康影响状况不容乐观,应加强粉尘危害的预防和控制。

[Objective]To investigate the health status of dust-exposed workers in gem processing individual workshops,analyze the characteristics of the influence of gem dust on the health of workers,and provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of occupational disease in this industry.[Methods]The field investigation was performed in gem processing individual workshops of a gem village of Shenzhen City. 226 dust exposed workers and 160 controls received the occupational health examination,and the results were analyzed.[Results] Among the dust exposed group,there were 96 workers with abnormal result of physical examination with the total detection rate of 42.47%,and the difference between the dust exposed group and the control group was statistically significant. 33 workers were detected for the pulmonary abnormalities,including 13 cases of occupational contraindications for dust exposure,16 observation objects,1 case of suspected pneumoconiosis,1 case of stage Ⅰpneumoconiosis,1 case of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis and 1 case of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis,and the difference in pulmonary abnormalities between the dust exposed group and the control group was statistically significant. There was statistically significant difference in pneumoconiosis-like imageological change among different work types,and that in the stonecutters was the highest（30.0%）. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of pneumoconiosis-like imageological change among different working year groups, different age groups. In the dust exposed group, the difference in the detection rate of pneumoconiosis-like imageological change was not statistically significant between smoking group and non smoking group.[Conclusion]The dust has serious effect on health of dust-exposed workers in gem processing individual workshops,so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of dust.