出口结构与女性工资:基于中国综合社会调查的实证研究

Structure of Export and Female Wage: Empirical Research Based on CGSS

本文利用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,构建样本选择模型评估出口产品结构优化对女性工资增长的促进作用。实证研究发现,机电产品和高新技术产品出口能力高的省市,出口产品结构优化对女性工资增长的促进作用非常显著,但仍然以初级产品或劳动密集型产品作为主要出口产品的省市,即使机电产品和高新技术产品出口规模有所提高,对提高女性工资水平所起作用也非常有限。此外,首次指出影响女性选择外出工作意愿的因素,将受到女性所在省市出口能力的根本性干预。本文研究表明鼓励机电产品和高新技术产品出口确实是提高女性工资水平、缩小性别工资差距的新思路,但前提在于出口产品结构已经实现了全面优化。

This paper uses CGSS data, building a sample selection model to assess the promotion of structure optimization of export product on female wage growth. Empirical studies find that, to provinces and cities with large export capacity of electromechanical products and high-tech products, structure optimization of export product has significant promotion on female wage growth. However, to provinces and cities which still use primary products or labor-intensive products as main export product, even the scale of electromechanical products and high-tech products export increases, the effects of optimization of export product on female wage growth is also very limited. In addition, this paper first points out that the factors affecting female willingness to go out to work, will be fundamentally intervened by export capacity of provinces and cities. This paper shows that, encouraging the export of electromechanical products and high-tech products is indeed a new idea of increasing female wage and narrowing the gender wage gap, but the premise is that the export product structure has achieved full optimization.