深圳市某污水处理厂职业病危害因素调查分析

Investigation and analysis on occupational hazards in a wastewater treatment plant of Shenzhen City

目的明确深圳某污水处理厂存在的职业病危害因素及控制程度。方法采用查阅文献、现场调查,现场检测及实验室检测等方法,将检测结果与职业接触限值比较,计算合格率。结果各检测点的氨、乙酸、丙酸、三氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、甲硫醇、硫化氢、硫酸、氢氧化钠、甲烷、其他粉尘、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、噪声、紫外辐射的合格率均为100%,盐酸、锰及其无机化合物、电焊烟尘和砂轮磨尘的合格率分别为95.8%、66.7%、66.7%、66.7%。结论该污水处理厂存在多种职业病危害因素,其中大部分控制较好,但个别非常规作业岗位和辅助岗位的职业病危害因素超过职业接触限值,应采取有效措施加以控制。

[ Objective ] To investigate the occupational hazards and control levels of a wastewater treatment plant in Shenzhen City. [Methods] The methods of literature review, field investigation and test, and laboratory detection were performed, and the test results were compared with the occupational exposure limits （OELs） to calculate the qualified rates. [Results] The qualified rates of ammonia, acetic acid, propionic acid, chloroform, trichlorethylene, tetrachloroethylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, methylmercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, methane, other dust, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, noise, and ultraviolet （UV） radiation were 100%. But the qualified rate of hydrochloric acid, manganese and inorganic compounds, welding fume, and grinding wheel dust was 95.8%, 66.7%, 66.7% and 66.7%, respectively. [Conclusion] There are many occupational hazards in this wastewater treatment plant, and most of them have been controlled well, but there are still some exceeded OELs on unconventional and auxiliary work sites. Therefore, more control measures should be considered and taken to reduce hazards which exceeded OELs.