2011—2015年云南省昆明市东川区有色金属冶炼行业铅作业工人的职业健康状况

Occupational health of workers with lead exposure in a non-ferrous metal smelting industry in Dongchuan District of Kunming City in Yunnan Province from 2011-2015

目的探讨有色金属冶炼行业作业场所中铅对作业工人健康的影响及变化趋势,针对检查结果中发现的问题,提出建议,采取合理的干预措施,及时发现疑似职业病及其他潜在的疾病威胁,为职业病的预防提供依据。方法对2011—2015年云南省昆明市东川区有色金属冶炼行业铅作业工人的职业健康检查结果进行总结和分析。结果 2011—2015年对7 942名工人进行铅作业岗中健康检查,共检出481名铅超标作业工人,检出率6.06%;其中322人属于疑似铅中毒观察对象,159人达到疑似慢性轻度铅中毒。铅超标检出率在工人不同年龄、接铅工龄、性别间的差异均有统计学意义;超标人群中以有色金属熔炼工298人(61.95%)为主;不同年份间非职业危害因素引起的一般性疾患或指标异常检出率差异有显著性,其中心电图、高血压异常有逐年升高的趋势。结论该地区铅作业工人铅超标率逐年下降,仍有部分企业工人达到铅中毒观察对象和慢性铅中毒,企业应加强作业场所的监测与评价、职业健康监护工作及健康教育,预防控制铅中毒等慢性疾病的发生。

[Objective]To explore the effect of lead exposure on workers＇ health and its variation trend in workplace of nonferrous metal smelting industry,to put forward suggestions and adopt rational control measures aiming at the problems found in the inspection result,to timely identify suspected occupational diseases and other potential disease threat,and provide evidence for occupational disease control.[Methods]The health examination results of lead exposed workers in non-ferrous metal smelting industry in Dongchuan District of Kunming City in Yunnan Province from 2011-2015 were summarized and analyzed.[Results]A total of 7 942 workers received health examination from 2011-2015,481 were detected lead over standard,with the rate of6.06%,among which,322 belonged to suspected lead poisoning observation object,159 belonged to suspected chronic lead poisoning with mild degree. The detection rate of lead over standard was significantly different between workers with different age,service length,gender. Most of them were workers in non-ferrous metal smelting industry（298 cases,61.95%）. General disorders or abnormal indicators induced by non-occupational hazards were significantly different between years. The abnormalities of ECG and hypertension were increased annually.[Conclusion]The over standard rate of lead among workers is deceased annually,but workers of some enterprises still belong to suspected lead poisoning observation object or suspected chronic lead poisoning with mild degree. The enterprises should strengthen monitoring and evaluation of workplaces,the occupational health surveillance and health education,so as to prevent chronic disease.