极低出生体重儿发育迟缓的相关因素探讨

Study on the relative factors of very low birth weight infants with growth retardation

目的：探讨极低出生体重儿在宫外生长过程中发生发育迟缓的比率和影响因素。方法：从极低出生体重儿中选出181例胎龄〈32周的早产儿,记录其胎龄、出生体重、身长、头围、性别、恢复出生体重时间、首次肠内营养供给时间、首次完全肠内营养供给时间。同时在其生长到37~42周时测量患儿的体重、身长、头围,研究宫外发育迟缓几率和各类危险因素,并同时研究适于胎龄儿和小于胎龄儿宫外发育迟缓发生几率。结果：发育迟缓的患儿胎龄、出生时的体重、身长以及头围均明显低于发育正常新生儿,同时其恢复出生体重时间、首次肠内营养供给时间、首次完全肠内营养供给时间均大于正常发育新生儿,且小于胎龄儿发育迟缓发生几率明显高于适于胎龄儿。结论：极低出生体重儿发育迟缓的影响因素包括胎龄、营养摄入时间等。

Objective To investigate the rate and influence factors of very low birth weight infants with extrauterine growth re-tardation.Method 181 premature infants of gestational age less than 32 weeks were selected from very low birth weight infant born, and recorded data such as gestational age,birth weight,height,head circumference,gender,gestational age children nature,respirato-ry distress rate,birth weight recovery time,the first time of enteral nutrition supply,the first full enteral nutrition feeding time.While growted to 37 ~42 weeks,then measured children′s weight,height,head circumference,studied the extrauterine growth retardation rates and all kinds of risk factors,and also studied the the extrauterine growth retardation rates of gestational age and below gesta-tional age children.Results Compared to normal neonates,the gestational age,birth weight,height,head circumfere nce of children with growth retardation were significantly lower,the birth weight recovery time,first time of enteral nutrition supply,first full enteral nutrition feeding time were greater,and the growth retardation rate of below gestational age children was significantly higher than gestational age children.Conclusion The influence factors of very low birth weight infant with growth retardation include gestational age,nutritional intake time,etc.