汗孔特征的观察与识别

Analysis of Sweat Pore Features of Fingerprints

目的研究汗孔特征的规律性。方法采集年龄段在18-22岁之间在校学生的油墨捺印手印1 000枚和汗潜手印60枚,选取汗孔清晰的指纹进行拍照,通过观察不同类型的指纹,对汗孔的特征及汗孔与乳突纹线间的关系特征进行分析与总结。结果汗孔特征包括汗孔的形状、大小、位置、数量、组合特征。根据汗孔的形状,汗孔可分为圆形汗孔、椭圆形汗孔、三角形汗孔、四边形汗孔和不规则汗孔五类。根据汗孔的大小,直径50-100μm的为小孔型汗孔,直径在100-200μm的为中孔型汗孔,直径在200-250μm的为大孔型汗孔。根据汗孔的位置,有分布于乳突纹线中心的汗孔和分布于乳突纹线边缘的汗孔两类。汗孔的数量特征表现为每毫米乳突纹线上分布3-5个汗孔。汗孔的组合特征分为稀疏型和紧密型两类。汗孔与乳突纹线间的关系包括汗孔靠近乳突纹线外侧边沿、内侧边沿和在乳突纹线中心。结论对汗孔特征的系统分析与识别推进了手印三级特征的研究,为进一步研究汗孔特征的稳定性及价值提供了一定的基础。

Objective To study and summarize the regularity of sweat pore features of fingerprints. Method 1 000 ink-printed fingerprints and 60 sweat latent fingerprints from students of 18-22 years old were collected. The sweat pore features and the positional relationship between sweat pores and finger ridges were analyzed. Result The features of sweat pores include shape, size, location, amount, and combination. The shapes can be divided into circular, oval, triangular,quadrilateral and pentagon. The diameters can be divided into small（50-100 μm）, middle（100-200 μm） and large（200-250 μm）. There are 3-5 sweat pores per millimeter finger ridge. According to the combination of sweat pores, they can be divided into sparse and compact ones. The locations of sweat pores are either on the middle or the edge of finger ridges.Conclusion Experimental results show that sweat pore features have certain regularity, and can be used in the forensic practice.