甜荞种质资源创新方法的研究

Study on the Methods of Germplasm Resources Innovation in the Common Buckwheat

甜荞是异花授粉作物,自然界中的甜荞种质资源多存在生物学混杂现象。每份甜荞种质资源可以分化出若干份新的遗传资源类型,其遗传背景复杂。简化甜荞种质资源的遗传背景,准确描述新品种的亲子代关系和遗传背景一直是世界荞麦工作者面对的技术难题。甜荞种质资源的繁育需要采取隔离措施,实施过程中需要考虑甜荞花粉粒大小、甜荞授粉机制、访问昆虫种类以及种子量多少等。为解决上述问题,本研究建立了以隔离杂交圃、隔离单繁圃、隔离扩繁圃、隔离比较圃和田间试验圃的荞麦繁育新方法——"五圃法",以期开发出不同类型的新的荞麦资源,在育种中可针对性的配制强优势组合,为新品种选育提供种质材料。

Common buckwheat is a cross-pollination crop. The germplasm resources of the common buckwheat is in a biological mixing state in nature and each of common buckwheat could be divided into several new genetic germplasm resources. This problem could reduce the effectiveness of breeding and scientific evaluation of the germplasm resources. Simplifying the genetic background of common buckwheat germplasm resources,and accurately describing the parent offspring relationship and genetic background are difficult technical issues facing the buckwheat germplasm researchers around the world. Breeding of germplasm resources requires quarantine measures in the trial fields,which needs to consider the size of pollen,mechanisms of buckwheat pollination,species of visiting insects,and amounts of seeds to produce etc. Here in this study,we developed a new method called ＂Five Nurseries＂which includes quarantined hybrid nursery,quarantined individual breeding nursery,quarantined propagation nursery,quarantined control nursery,and field trial nursery. The purpose of this study is to explore the new buckwheat germplasm resources. The results of this study will allow us to select the best generation lines for crossing and provide the best germplasm resources of new buckwheat varieties.