四川凉山彝族头面部形态特征的年龄变化

Agevariation of Head-facial Characteristics of Yi Nationality in Sichuan Province

采用抽样调查取样方法,调查了四川凉山彝族自治区402例(男性197例,女性205例)彝族成人的头面部特征,初步分析该族群头面部特征随年龄增长的变化规律.结果表明:(1)头面部15项观察指标中,随着年龄增长,彝族成人有蒙古褶率下降、眼裂倾斜度趋于水平、眼色变浅、红唇变薄等变化;(2)22项测量指标中,鼻宽、口裂宽、上唇皮肤部高、容貌耳长和容貌耳宽5项指标与年龄呈显著正相关,额最小宽、面宽、眼外角间宽、唇高、红唇厚度、头围6项指标与年龄呈显著负相关,而且这些指标在不同年龄组间的差异多数具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)12项派生指数中,仅有口指数与年龄呈显著负相关,且在不同年龄组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:彝族的头面部形态特征中,与软性组织有关的指标和指数多数会随着年龄增长呈现出一定的变化规律,骨性指标则相对稳定.

The head-facial characteristics of Yi nationality in Liangshan of Siehuan Province were conducted by stratified random sampling of age groups in this study. The samples included 402 adults, among which 197 adults were males,and 205 adults were females. The changes of head-facial characteristics of Yi nationality with age were analyzed preliminarily. The results showed that：（1）As for the 15 observational indexes of Yi nationality, the rate of Mongoloid fold increased, the directions of eyelids turned horizontal, the color of eyes turned light, and the lips became thinner; （2）Among 22 measurement indexes, nose breath, mouth breadth, upper lip height,physiognomic ear length and physiognomic ear breadth had positive correlations with age. Minimum frontal breadth, face breadth, external binocular breadth, lip height, thickness of lips and head circumference were negatively correlated with age. And most indexes above had highly statistic differences among five age groups; （3）Among 12 derivative exponents,only lip exponent was negatively related with ages and had highly statistic difference among five age groups. Overall, most head-facial indexes and exponents related with soft tissues varied regularly with age in Yi nationality, and most indexes related with osseous tissues were relatively stable.